Stress induced morphological microglial activation in the rodent brain: Involvement of interleukin-18

Sugama, Shuei; Fujita, Masayo; Hashimoto, Makoto; Conti, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.043

Cited by 191 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…There might be several potential cellular mechanisms through which stress pathophysiology underlie stress-stroke interaction ranging from impairment of neurogenesis Stress results in innate immune "arousal" in the brain (Fleshner et al 2002;Fleshner 2012) by priming and activating microglia and astrocytes (Sugama et al 2007). Stress- Chronic stress also results in endothelial dysfunction, impaired endothelium dependent vasodilatation, increased superoxide production and reduced brain endothelial NOS levels.…”

Section: ; Hankey 2006) Exposure To Various Stressors Results Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune System in Stroke: Clinical Challenges and Their Translation to Experimental Research

Smith

Lawrence

Rodriguez‐Grande

et al. 2013

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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Stroke represents an unresolved challenge for both developed and developing countries and has a huge socio-economic impact. Although considerable effort has been made to limit stroke incidence and improve outcome, strategies aimed at protecting injured neurons in the brain have all failed. This failure is likely to be due to both the incompleteness of modelling the disease and its causes in experimental research, and also the lack of understanding of how systemic mechanisms lead to an acute cerebrovascular event or contribute to outcome.Inflammation has been implicated in all forms of brain injury and it is now clear that immune mechanisms profoundly influence (and are responsible for the development of) risk and causation of stroke, and the outcome following the onset of cerebral ischemia. Until very recently, systemic inflammatory mechanisms, with respect to common comorbidities in stroke, have largely been ignored in experimental studies. The main aim is therefore to understand interactions between the immune system and brain injury in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Recent data from clinical and experimental research clearly show that systemic inflammatory diseases -such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes or infectionsimilar to stress and advanced age, are associated with dysregulated immune responses which can profoundly contribute to cerebrovascular inflammation and injury in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the field of inflammation and stroke, focusing on the challenges of translation between pre-clinical and clinical studies, and potential anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches.

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Section: ; Hankey 2006) Exposure To Various Stressors Results Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune System in Stroke: Clinical Challenges and Their Translation to Experimental Research

Smith

Lawrence

Rodriguez‐Grande

et al. 2013

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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show abstract

“…11 Furthermore, there is a greater survival of retinal ganglion cells when the optic nerve injury was preceded by an unrelated CNS (spinal cord) injury. As both types of CNS insult (mechanical and psychological) increase trafficking to the CNS, as well as increasing expression of MHC II on the resident antigen-presenting cells, [24][25][26] we suggest that a psychologically stressful experience can activate CNSspecific cells, leading to the development of memory cells, thereby enhancing resilience to subsequent stressful experiences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Behavioral immunization: immunity to self-antigens contributes to psychological stress resilience

Lewitus

Schwartz

2008

Mol Psychiatry

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The psychobiological mechanisms that contribute to the development of stress resilience are not fully elucidated. One potential approach for enhancing resilience is the exposure to mild challenges. According to this approach, a mildly stressful episode may immunize the individual, thereby strengthening resistance to subsequent stressors. This phenomenon is often viewed as a form of behavioral immunization. Although, the term 'behavioral immunization' was borrowed from the field of immunology, the involvement of the adaptive immune system in stress resilience was never investigated. However, based on accumulated new data, we suggest that the immunological memory does have a significant role in developing coping responses to stress. Although, immune deficiency results in an impaired ability to cope with stress, boosting immunological memory can increase stress resilience. Therefore, we propose that defense against mental challenge, similarly to defense against intruders, involves an immunological mechanism, which establishes stress resilience to a later challenge. Here, we review the involvement of the adaptive immune system in coping mechanisms in response to psychological stress, and discuss the connection between cognitive memory and immunological memory in establishing ability to efficiently cope with stressful episodes.

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“…Microglia are believed to act primarily as scavengers in the defense system against pathological insults to the brain (Kreutzberg, 1996), and those in the central nervous system (CNS) are classified into at least three clearly identifiable states (Sugama et al, 2007;Vannucchi et al, 2007). Resting microglia are characterized by small somata with long and fine processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under various pathological conditions, these resting microglia alter their morphological profile into one representative of a typical activation state, with enlarged cell somata and multiple short and thick processes. Finally, microglia acquire macrophage-like features as phagocytic microglia, which have round bodies with one or two processes (Sugama et al, 2007;Vannucchi et al, 2007). In rats subjected to normothermic ischemia, the morphological transformation…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothermic and normothermic ischemia-reperfusion activate microglia differently in hippocampal formation

Yamashita

Kunimatsu

Yamada

et al. 2010

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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Stress induced morphological microglial activation in the rodent brain: Involvement of interleukin-18

Cited by 191 publications

References 72 publications

The Immune System in Stroke: Clinical Challenges and Their Translation to Experimental Research

The Immune System in Stroke: Clinical Challenges and Their Translation to Experimental Research

Behavioral immunization: immunity to self-antigens contributes to psychological stress resilience

Hypothermic and normothermic ischemia-reperfusion activate microglia differently in hippocampal formation

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