Stress-induced gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction and its inflammatory effects1

Lambert, G. P.

doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1339

Cited by 404 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Numerous authors have reported that environmental stressors affect intestinal barrier integrity, which is composed of enterocytes, tight junctions, secreted mucous and immune cells, such as macrophages (Lambert et al, 2002;Prosser et al, 2004;Singleton & Wischmeyer, 2006;Chappell et al, 2009;Lambert, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

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Overcrowding stress is a reality in the poultry industry. Chickens exposed to long-term stressful situations present a reduction of welfare and immunosuppression. We designed this experiment to analyse the effects from overcrowding stress of 16 birds/m 2 on performance parameters, serum corticosterone levels, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius, plasma IgA and IgG levels, intestinal integrity, macrophage activity and experimental Salmonella Enteritidis invasion. The results of this study indicate that overcrowding stress decreased performance parameters, induced enteritis and decreased macrophage activity and the relative bursa weight in broiler chickens. When the chickens were similarly stressed and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, there was an increase in feed conversion and a decrease in plasma IgG levels in the stressed and Salmonella-infected birds. We observed moderate enteritis throughout the duodenum of chickens stressed and infected with Salmonella. The overcrowding stress decreased the macrophage phagocytosis intensity and increased Salmonella Enteritidis counts in the livers of birds challenged with the pathogenic bacterium. Overcrowding stress via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that is associated with an increase in corticosterone and enteritis might influence the quality of the intestinal immune barrier and the integrity of the small intestine. This effect allowed pathogenic bacteria to migrate through the intestinal mucosa, resulting in inflammatory infiltration and decreased nutrient absorption. The data strengthen the hypothesis that control of the welfare of chickens and avoidance of stress from overcrowding in poultry production are relevant factors for the maintenance of intestinal integrity, performance and decreased susceptibility to Salmonella infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

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“…32,61,71,[73][74][75] Moreover, increased intestinal permeability, measured by lactulose, mannitol and sucralose ratios, was found in rats' small intestine, following acute swimming stress. 23 This increase was glucocorticoid-mediated because adrenalectomy and pharmacologic blockade of glucocorticoid receptors inhibited the response, and dexamethasone increased gastrointestinal permeability in control rats. 23 Similarly, rats models of chronic stress (maternal deprivation, 55,[77][78][79] WAS, 45 and crowding stress 52 ) also show increased ionic permeability, and macromolecular permeability throughout the intestine.…”

Section: Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 This increase was glucocorticoid-mediated because adrenalectomy and pharmacologic blockade of glucocorticoid receptors inhibited the response, and dexamethasone increased gastrointestinal permeability in control rats. 23 Similarly, rats models of chronic stress (maternal deprivation, 55,[77][78][79] WAS, 45 and crowding stress 52 ) also show increased ionic permeability, and macromolecular permeability throughout the intestine. The increase was mediated partly by mechanisms including, muscarinic and nicotinic pathways, activation and number of mast cells and the release of nerve growth factor.…”

Section: Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Corticotropin-releasing Factor in Gastrointestinal Permeability

Rodiño-Janeiro¹,

Alonso-Cotoner²,

Pigrau³

et al. 2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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The interface between the intestinal lumen and the mucosa is the location where the majority of ingested immunogenic particles face the scrutiny of the vast gastrointestinal immune system. Upon regular physiological conditions, the intestinal microflora and the epithelial barrier are well prepared to process daily a huge amount of food-derived antigens and non-immunogenic particles. Similarly, they are ready to prevent environmental toxins and microbial antigens to penetrate further and interact with the mucosal-associated immune system. These functions promote the development of proper immune responses and oral tolerance and prevent disease and inflammation. Brain-gut axis structures participate in the processing and execution of response signals to external and internal stimuli. The brain-gut axis integrates local and distant regulatory networks and supersystems that serve key housekeeping physiological functions including the balanced functioning of the intestinal barrier. Disturbance of the brain-gut axis may induce intestinal barrier dysfunction, increasing the risk of uncontrolled immunological reactions, which may indeed trigger transient mucosal inflammation and gut disease. There is a large body of evidence indicating that stress, through the brain-gut axis, may cause intestinal barrier dysfunction, mainly via the systemic and peripheral release of corticotropin-releasing factor. In this review, we describe the role of stress and corticotropin-releasing factor in the regulation of gastrointestinal permeability, and discuss the link to both health and pathological conditions. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;21:33-50)

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“…Inflammation, infection and stress are environmental factors that can impact the integrity of epithelial and endothelial barrier structures [73][74][75]. In two different inflammatory diseases, one that occurs in the gut (IBD) and another that occurs in the CNS (multiple sclerosis, MS), there is a reorganization of tight junction proteins between epithelial cells of the respective gut (for IBD) and brain (for MS) barriers that results in a heightened permeability [76][77][78][79].…”

Section: Epithelial and Endothelial Barrier Integritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroenterology issues in schizophrenia: Why the gut matters

Severance

2016

Eur. psychiatr.

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Genetic and environmental studies implicate immune pathologies in schizophrenia. The body's largest immune organ is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Historical associations of GI conditions with mental illnesses predate the introduction of antipsychotics. Current studies of antipsychoticnaïve patients support that gut dysfunction may be inherent to the schizophrenia disease process. Risk factors for schizophrenia (inflammation, food intolerances, Toxoplasma gondii exposure, cellular barrier defects) are part of biological pathways that intersect those operant in the gut. Central to GI function is a homeostatic microbial community that early reports show is disrupted in schizophrenia. Bioactive and toxic products derived from digestion and microbial dysbiosis activate adaptive and innate immunity. Complement C1q, a brain-active systemic immune component, interacts with gut-related schizophrenia risk factors in clinical and experimental animal models. With accumulating evidence supporting newly discovered gut-brain physiological pathways, treatments to ameliorate brain symptoms of schizophrenia should be supplemented with therapies to correct GI dysfunction.

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Stress-induced gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction and its inflammatory effects1

Cited by 404 publications

References 32 publications

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

Role of Corticotropin-releasing Factor in Gastrointestinal Permeability

Gastroenterology issues in schizophrenia: Why the gut matters

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