Stress increases oxytocin release within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

Nishioka, Tatsuya; Anselmo-Franci, Janete Aparecida; Li, Ping; Callahan, Michael F.; Morris, Mariana

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01159-1

Cited by 178 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Oxytocin can be released during positive social experiences (Carter, 1998), but also may be increased following stressful events (Lang et al, 1983;Gibbs, 1984;Nishioka et al, 1998;Taylor et al, 2006). The precise consequences of increases in endogenous oxytocin, especially in association with putative stressors, remain to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social isolation induces behavioral and neuroendocrine disturbances relevant to depression in female and male prairie voles

Grippo

Gerena

Huang

et al. 2007

Psychoneuroendocrinology

293

279

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SummarySupportive social interactions may be protective against stressors and certain mental and physical illness, while social isolation may be a powerful stressor. Prairie voles are socially monogamous rodents that model some of the behavioral and physiological traits displayed by humans, including sensitivity to social isolation. Neuroendocrine and behavioral parameters, selected for their relevance to stress and depression, were measured in adult female and male prairie voles following 4 weeks of social isolation versus paired housing. In Experiment 1, oxytocin-immunoreactive cell density was higher in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and plasma oxytocin was elevated in isolated females, but not males. In Experiment 2, sucrose intake, used as an operational definition of hedonia, was reduced in both sexes following 4 weeks of isolation. Animals then received a residentintruder test, and were sacrificed either 10 minutes later for the analysis of circulating hormones and peptides, or two hours later to examine neural activation, indexed by c-Fos expression in PVN cells immunoreactive for oxytocin or corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Compared to paired animals, plasma oxytocin, ACTH and corticosterone were elevated in isolated females and plasma oxytocin was elevated in isolated males, following the resident-intruder test. The proportion of cells doublelabeled for c-Fos and oxytocin or c-Fos and CRF was elevated in isolated females, and the proportion of cells double-labeled for c-Fos and oxytocin was elevated in isolated males following this test. These findings suggest that social isolation induces behavioral and neuroendocrine responses relevant to depression in male and female prairie voles, although neuroendocrine responses in females may be especially sensitive to isolation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social isolation induces behavioral and neuroendocrine disturbances relevant to depression in female and male prairie voles

Grippo

Gerena

Huang

et al. 2007

Psychoneuroendocrinology

293

279

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“…Since neuropeptides such as OXT only become biologically active after their release into the extracellular space, attempts to measure intracerebral release focus on approaches that are able to determine concentrations and their fluctuations in the extracellular fluid including intracerebral microdialysis. In this way, OXT release has been monitored in several in vivo studies mainly focusing on somato-dendritic release within the hypothalamic SON and PVN under physiological or pharmacological conditions (Moos et al, 1989;Neumann et al, 1993a, b;Nishioka et al, 1998;Ludwig et al, 2002;Wigger and Neumann, 2002; for review, see Landgraf and Neumann, 2004). In contrast, only a few reports are available demonstrating fluctuations in the release of OXT within extrahypothalamic brain regions like the septum (Neumann and Landgraf, 1989;Landgraf et al, 1991;Ebner et al, 2000) or the olfactory bulb (Kendrick et al, 1988a, b) under physiologically relevant conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stress exposure triggers not only OXT secretion into blood (Lang et al, 1983;Kasting, 1988;Wotjak et al, 1998) but also within the brain as reflected by increased OXT concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (Iványi et al, 1991) and extracellular space of several brain regions (for review, see Landgraf and Neumann, 2004). In more detail, it has been shown that psycho-social or physical stressors like social defeat, swim, or shaker stress evoke OXT release in various areas known to be involved in the modulation of stress mechanisms, including the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei where OXT neurons are localized as well as other limbic brain areas (Nishioka et al, 1998;Wotjak et al, 1998;Engelmann et al, 1999;Ebner et al, 2000;Wigger and Neumann, 2002;Bosch et al, 2004). The stress-induced patterns of local release of OXT within the brain, however, are dependent on various factors such as gender, type of stressor, and the genetically determined stress susceptibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of Oxytocin in the Rat Central Amygdala Modulates Stress-Coping Behavior and the Release of Excitatory Amino Acids

Ebner

Bosch

Krömer

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

177

119

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Previous experiments have indicated that the release of oxytocin (OXT) occurs in various hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic brain areas. In the present study, we investigated in male rats whether swim stress triggers the release of OXT in the central amygdala (CeA), a key area in processing emotions and stress responses. Further, we examined the physiological significance of OXT released within the CeA for behavioral responses during forced swimming as well as effects on the local release of selected amino acids including glutamate, aspartate, arginine, taurine, and GABA, which are thought to modulate processing of emotions. Exposure to a 10-min forced swimming session caused a significant increase in OXT release (200%, po0.01) within, but not outside, the CeA as monitored by microdialysis. Administration of the OXT receptor antagonist des-Gly-NH 2 d(CH 2 ) 5 (Tyr(Me) 2 Thr 4 )OVT via inverse microdialysis into the amygdala before and during exposure to swimming reduced the floating time by 55% (po0.05) and increased the swimming time by 29% (po0.05) indicative of a more active stress-coping strategy. Simultaneously, local administration of the OXT receptor antagonist caused a significant increase in the stress-induced release of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate, whereas the basal release of these amino acids remained unchanged. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a significant activation of the oxytocinergic system in the CeA in response to swim stress. Furthermore, our data indicate that OXT receptor-mediated mechanisms within the amygdala are involved in the generation of passive stress-coping strategies, which might be mediated at least in part via its inhibitory influence on the local release of excitatory amino acids during stress.

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“…In addition to an association of oxytocin with MA, the stress response has also been strongly associated with oxytocin (Callahan et al 1989;Uvnas-Moberg et al 1994;Jezova et al 1995;Nishioka et al 1998;Uvnas-Moberg 1998;Neumann et al 2001;Amico et al 2004), a relationship that has been increasingly studied over the years. Oxytocin neurons are activated in response to various types of stressful stimuli (Ludwig 1998;Neumann 2002), and recent work has suggested the presence of an oxytocin-mediated, parasympathetically driven "anti-stress" system (Uvnas-Moberg 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

McMurray

Joyner

Middleton

et al. 2008

Stress

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Gestational cocaine treatment results in significantly increased maternal aggression towards an intruder by postpartum day six, while acute postpartum treatment dose dependently decreases maternal aggressive (MA) behavior. Both increased and decreased aggression in the cocainetreated dams are correlated with either decreased or increased levels of oxytocin in the amygdala, respectively. The current study was an effort to determine whether the effect of gestational cocaine on maternal aggression is transient or would continue into the postpartum period; whether an intermittent cocaine treatment regimen, which incorporates gestational and postpartum intermittent cocaine treatment, would differ from chronic daily gestational treatment; and finally, whether next generation female offspring of cocaine-treated or control dams would have altered MA behavior and oxytocin system changes attributable to either prenatal drug exposure, rearing condition or both. We now report no increase in maternal aggression following chronic gestational treatment and significantly lower levels of aggression in intermittently treated dams on postpartum day eight, with no significant effects in either group on postpartum day 12. Young adult female offspring of the cocaine-treated and control dams, who reared their own natural litters and were tested on postpartum day eight for maternal aggression, had higher levels of maternal aggression towards an intruder attributable to both prenatal cocaine exposure and rearing condition. Higher aggression in cocaine-reared next generation dams was associated with lower levels of oxytocin in the amygdala. Intergenerational effects of cocaine were apparent with respect to aggression and oxytocin system changes.

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Stress increases oxytocin release within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

Cited by 178 publications

References 31 publications

Social isolation induces behavioral and neuroendocrine disturbances relevant to depression in female and male prairie voles

Social isolation induces behavioral and neuroendocrine disturbances relevant to depression in female and male prairie voles

Release of Oxytocin in the Rat Central Amygdala Modulates Stress-Coping Behavior and the Release of Excitatory Amino Acids

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

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