Stress increases gene expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in spleen of rats via pituitary-adrenocortical mechanism

Jeloková, Jana; Rusnak, Milan; Kubovčáková, Lucia; Buckendahl, Patricia; Križanová, Oľga; Sabban, Esther L.; Květňanský, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00098-1

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Besides, we found that TH, DBH and PNMT protein levels were significantly decreased in these animals. Several authors observed a significant increase of TH mRNA and PNMT mRNA levels in the spleen of animals exposed to acute and short-term stress [17,18] . Zheng and Atiizumi [29] demonstrated that acute exposure to noise stress may enhance immune response, whereas chronic exposure to the same stress may suppress both cellular and humoral immune functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent data have shown that TH and phenylethanolamine Nmethyltransferase (PNMT) genes are expressed in lymphoid tissues, such as spleen and thymus [15,16] . Immobilization as a severe stressor was shown to activate the sympathetic nervous system and to produce increased TH mRNA and PNMT mRNA levels in the spleen of rats exposed to single or repeated (7 days) immobilization [17,18] . Nevertheless, very little is known about catecholamine synthesis in immune system of chronically stressed animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Individual Housing-Induced Stress Decreased Expression of Catecholamine Biosynthetic Enzyme Genes and Proteins in Spleen of Adult Rats

Gavrilović

Spasojević

Dronjak

2010

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: Social isolation is regarded as one of the most relevant causes of diseases in mammalian species. The activation of the sympathoneural system represents one of the key components of the stress response. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the major pathways involved in immune-neuroendocrine interactions. The aim of the present study was to determine plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine in individually housed rats, as well as to find out whether splenic gene expression of catecholamine synthesizing enzymes and their protein levels are affected by chronic psychosocial stress. Methods: Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNA levels were quantified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The TH, DBH and PNMT immunoproteins were assayed by Western blot. Results: Chronic social isolation of adult male rats produced a significant increase in plasma catecholamine levels and a decrease in splenic TH mRNA, DBH mRNA and PNMT mRNA. Protein levels of TH, DBH and PNMT were also reduced. Conclusion: These results suggest that increased plasma catecholamines and decreased gene expression and protein levels of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the spleen of chronically individually housed animals might reduce catecholamine synthesis, thus leaving the immunocompetent tissues depleted of catecholamines and consequently leading to an impairment of immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Individual Housing-Induced Stress Decreased Expression of Catecholamine Biosynthetic Enzyme Genes and Proteins in Spleen of Adult Rats

Gavrilović

Spasojević

Dronjak

2010

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…Stress-induced rise in circulating catecholamines (CAs), followed by modulation of ␤ -adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors, ARs), is one of the pathways involved in the stress-mediated effects on immune functions. Increased levels of CAs were observed in the rat spleen after single and repeated IMMO stress [8] and remained increased after 3 h of rest [9] . Moreover, besides circulating CAs and CAs released from sympathetic nerve terminals, the rat spleen also contains the 'machinery' to produce CAs de novo that might contribute to the CA 'pool' in the spleen [9,10] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Increased levels of CAs were observed in the rat spleen after single and repeated IMMO stress [8] and remained increased after 3 h of rest [9] . Moreover, besides circulating CAs and CAs released from sympathetic nerve terminals, the rat spleen also contains the 'machinery' to produce CAs de novo that might contribute to the CA 'pool' in the spleen [9,10] . Nevertheless, function of the endogenously produced CAs in the spleen is not yet fully understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Acute Stress Differently Modulates Beta 1, Beta 2 and Beta 3 Adrenoceptors in T Cells, but Not in B Cells, from the Rat Spleen

Lauková

Vargovič²,

Csáderová³

et al. 2012

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objectives: Stress-induced rise in circulating catecholamines (CAs), followed by modulation of β-adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors, ARs), is one of the pathways involved in the stress-mediated effects of immune functions. The spleen is an organ with a high number of lymphocytes and provides a unique microenvironment in which they reside. Thus, lymphocytes may respond differently to CAs in the spleen than in the circulation. No reports exist concerning the involvement of β-ARs in stress-mediated effects on T and B cells isolated from the spleen. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of single stress exposure on gene expression and cellular localization of β-adrenoceptor subtypes in splenic T and B cells. We tried to correlate changes in adrenoceptors with the expression of apoptotic proteins. Methods: Immobilization (IMMO) was used as a stress model. T and B cells were isolated from rat spleen using magnetically labeled antibodies. The gene expression of individual adrenoceptors and apoptotic proteins was evaluated by real-time PCR. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate localization and adrenoceptor expression. Results: We have found T cells to be more vulnerable to stress compared to B cells, because of increased β₁-, β₂- and β₃-ARs after a single IMMO. Moreover, β₂-ARs translocated from the nucleus to the plasma membrane in T cells after IMMO. The rise in β-ARs most probably led to the rise of Bax mRNA and Bax to Bcl-2 mRNA ratio. This might suggest the induction of an apoptotic process in T cells. Conclusion: Higher susceptibility of T cells to stress via modulation of β-ARs and apoptotic proteins might shift the immune responsiveness in the spleen.

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“…Spleen also possesses a rich sympathetic innervation and vascular supply. Besides circulating CAs and CAs released from sympathetic nerve terminals, rat spleen contains also machinery to produce CAs de novo (Kubovcakova et al 2001;Jelokova et al 2002). Nevertheless, function of the endogenously produced CAs is not fully understood yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Stress Down-Regulates β2- and α2C-Adrenergic Receptors and Up-Regulates Gene Expression of IL-6 in the Rat Spleen

et al. 2010

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Catecholamines are among first compounds released during stress, and they regulate many functions of the organism, including immune system, via adrenergic receptors (ARs). Spleen, as an immune organ with high number of macrophages, possesses various ARs, from which β(2)-ARs are considered to be the most important for the modulation of immune functions. Nevertheless, little is known about the regulation and involvement of ARs in the splenic function by stress. Therefore, the aim of this work was to measure the gene expression of ARs and several cytokines in the spleen of rats exposed to a single and repeated (14×) immobilization stress (IMO). We have found a significant increase in β(2)-AR mRNA after a single IMO, but a significant decrease in β(2)-AR mRNA and protein level after repeated (14×) IMO. The most prominent decrease was detected in the gene expression of the α(2A)- and α(2C)-AR after repeated IMO. However, changes in mRNA were translated into protein levels only for the α(2C)-subtype. Other types of ARs remained unchanged during the stress situation. Since we proposed that these ARs might affect production of cytokines, we measured gene expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β1) cytokines. We detected changes only in IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA levels. While IL-6 mRNA was increased, IL-10 mRNA dropped after repeated IMO. According to these results we suggest that changes of β(2)- and α(2C)-ARs participate in IL-6-mediated processes in the spleen, especially during chronic stress situations.

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Stress increases gene expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in spleen of rats via pituitary-adrenocortical mechanism

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Chronic Individual Housing-Induced Stress Decreased Expression of Catecholamine Biosynthetic Enzyme Genes and Proteins in Spleen of Adult Rats

Chronic Individual Housing-Induced Stress Decreased Expression of Catecholamine Biosynthetic Enzyme Genes and Proteins in Spleen of Adult Rats

Acute Stress Differently Modulates Beta 1, Beta 2 and Beta 3 Adrenoceptors in T Cells, but Not in B Cells, from the Rat Spleen

Repeated Stress Down-Regulates β2- and α2C-Adrenergic Receptors and Up-Regulates Gene Expression of IL-6 in the Rat Spleen

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