Stress in Regulation of GABA Amygdala System and Relevance to Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Fan, Jie; Yin, Guanghao; Yang, Wei; Yang, Modi; Gao, Shengxiang; Lv, Jiayin; Li, Bingjin

doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00562

Cited by 76 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…As a consequence, a misbalance between inhibitory and excitatory synaptic input is discussed to lead to neuropsychiatric disorders (Liu et al, ). In line with this observation, excessive stress harms the neuronal network in the amygdala by GABAergic neurotransmission, which leads to inappropriate emotional and behavioral responses (Jie et al, ), whereas the progesterone derivate allopregnanolone directly inhibits GABA receptors, and thus improves cognitive balance (Locci and Pinna, ). In the PNS, activation of GABA receptors by progesterone also leads to an increased cell proliferation of aged Schwann cells (Melcangi et al, , ).…”

Section: Progesterone and Prsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Progesterone Effects in the Nervous System

Theis

Theiß

2019

The Anatomical Record

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The sex hormone progesterone is mainly known as a key factor in establishing and maintaining pregnancy. In addition, progesterone has been shown to induce morphological changes in the central and peripheral nervous system by increasing dendrito-, spino-, and synaptogenesis in Purkinje cells (Wessel et al.: Cell Mol Life Sci (2014a) 1723-1740 and increasing axonal outgrowth in dorsal root ganglia (Olbrich et al.: Endocrinology (2013) 3784-3795). These effects mediated mainly by the classical progesterone receptors (PRs) A and B seem to be limited to young neurons. It may be assumed that microRNAs (miRNAs), which are potent regulators of nervous system maturation and degeneration, are also involved in the regulation of progesterone-mediated neuronal plasticity by altering the expression patterns of the corresponding PR A/B receptors (Theis and Theiss: Neural Regen Res (2015) 547-549, Pieczora et al.: Cerebellum (2017) 376-387). This review critically discusses current data on the neuroprotective effect of progesterone and its corresponding receptors in the nervous system, with possible regulatory processes by miRNAs. Preclinical studies on stroke and traumatic brain injury revealed neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of progesterone in the treatment of severe neurological diseases in animal models, but have so far failed in humans. In this context, the identification of specific miRNAs that regulate the expression of progesterone and PR could help to exploit the neuroprotective potential of progesterone for the treatment of various neurological disorders. The human nervous system is a highly complex tissue composed of neurons and glial cells with a limited ability to regenerate after lesion or degeneration. In particular, the loss of neurons, for example, due to aging processes, stroke, or traumatic brain injury (TBI), is mostly irreversible. The function of the degenerating neurons can be partially compensated by neighboring neurons, but astroglial-fibrotic scar formation minimizes neuronal regeneration .Progesterone, a sexual hormone, is mainly known for its key role in the female reproductive circuit and the maintenance of pregnancy. In this context, the fact that progesterone is also expressed in the male organism is often neglected (Schumacher et al., 2014). Besides this, Abbreviations: BBB = blood brain barrier; CNS = central nervous system; DRG = dorsal root ganglia; GABA = Gamma-amino butyric acid; miRNA = microRNA; NMDAR = N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor; PC = Purkinje cells; PGRMC1 = progesterone receptor membrane component 1; PNS = peripheral nervous system; PR = progesterone receptor; SCI = spinal cord injury; TBI = traumatic brain injury

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Section: Progesterone and Prsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Progesterone Effects in the Nervous System

Theis

Theiß

2019

The Anatomical Record

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“…CRF neurons in the hypothalamus are under tonic GABAergic inhibition. The link between GABA and chronic stress is well summarized by a recent review, although the emphasis was on neuropsychiatric disease (Jie et al, 2018). Thus, we contend that chronic stress may downregulate GABA inhibition of amygdala and hypothalamic pathways leading to hypertension.…”

Section: Role Of Amygdalo-hypothalamic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 95%

Potential Therapeutic Use of Neurosteroids for Hypertension

2019

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The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) contribution to long-term setting of blood pressure (BP) and hence hypertension has been a continuing controversy over many decades. However, the contribution of increased sympathetic vasomotor tone to the heart, kidney, and blood vessels has been suggested as a major influence on the development of high BP which affects 30-40% of the population. This is relevant to hypertension associated with chronic stress, being overweight or obese as well to chronic kidney disease. Treatments that have attempted to block the peripheral aspects of the SNS contribution have included surgery to cut the sympathetic nerves as well as agents to block α-and β-adrenoceptors.Other treatments, such as centrally acting drugs like clonidine, rilmenidine, or moxonidine, activate receptors within the ventrolateral medulla to reduce the vasomotor tone overall but have side effects that limit their use. None of these treatments target the cause of the enhanced sympathetic tone. Recently we have identified an antihypertensive action of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in a mouse model of neurogenic hypertension. Allopregnanolone is known to facilitate high-affinity extra-synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABA A R) through allosteric modulation and transcriptional upregulation. The antihypertensive effect was specific for increased expression of δ subunits in the amygdala and hypothalamus. This focused review examines the possibility that neurosteroids may be a novel therapeutic approach to address the neurogenic contribution to hypertension. We discuss the causes and prevalence of neurogenic hypertension, current therapeutic approaches, and the applicability of using neurosteroids as antihypertensive therapy.

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“…9 Exposure to acute or chronic stress can induce morphological and functional changes in the amygdala and these changes play an important role in stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. 10,11 Animal studies have revealed that stress influences synaptic plasticity, morphological remodeling, neurotoxicity, and neurogenesis in the brain and all these stress-derived physiological effects can potentially influence cognitive functions. 12,13 Adolescent stress increases anxiety behavior, 14 remodels corticolimbic structure, 15 and alters neural gene expression in adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Therapeutic Effects of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Alterations and Morphological Remodeling in the Amygdala of Adult Female Rats</p>

Kor¹,

Ghanbari²,

Rashidipour³

et al. 2020

JEP

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Objective: The amygdala structural and functional abnormalities have been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the important role of the amygdala in stress responses and the susceptibility of the females to adolescent stress, the present study investigated the beneficial effects of Spirulina platensis microalgae (SP) as a neuroprotective supplement against adolescent stress-induced oxidative stress, brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) alterations, molecular and morphological remodeling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of adult female rats. Methods: During the adolescent period (PNDs 30-40) rats were subjected to restraint stress (2 h/day for 10 days). Then, the animals were subjected to 15 days treatment (PNDs 41-55) with SP (200 mg/kg/day) followed by biochemical (BDNF and stress oxidative markers), molecular (BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B [TrkB] mRNA expression), and morphological (dendritic length and spines) assessments in the BLA. Results: The study revealed that adolescent stress decreased BDNF levels and reduced apical dendritic length and branch points of pyramidal neurons in the BLA. In addition, chronic stress significantly increased oxidative stress parameters and decreased BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in the BLA. Treatment with SP alleviated both biochemical, molecular, and neuroanatomical deficits that induced by adolescent stress. Conclusion: Our findings provide important evidence that SP as a non-pharmacological intervention during adolescent period can protect against chronic stress-induced neuroanatomical biochemical, and molecular deficits in adulthood, and thus, reduce stress-related disorders.

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Stress in Regulation of GABA Amygdala System and Relevance to Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Cited by 76 publications

References 114 publications

Progesterone Effects in the Nervous System

Progesterone Effects in the Nervous System

Potential Therapeutic Use of Neurosteroids for Hypertension

<p>Therapeutic Effects of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Alterations and Morphological Remodeling in the Amygdala of Adult Female Rats</p>

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