Stress in photochromic and electrochromic effects on tungsten oxide film

Scarmínio, Jair

doi:10.1016/s0927-0248(02)00472-5

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although WO 3 turns to a deep blue or blue-black color too, it should be ascribed to the thermochromism not photochromism [84][85][86][87]. This is similar to the case in which WO 3 is heated in vacuum [23]. A similar phenomenon has also been observed in CeO 2 , TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , etc.…”

Section: Photochromic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The color remains quite stable in an inert atmosphere and there is a slight optical bleaching (5%) upon visible light irradiation. The color can be bleached by the introduction of oxidizing agent (such as O 2 , O 3 , H 2 O 2 and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) [8,23,26,33,35,36,48], by application of anodic polarization [63,64], or by heating treatment in air [8]. In the case of bleaching by oxidizing agent or anodic polarization, the film can be colored again by UV light irradiation.…”

Section: Photochromic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photochromism in transition-metal oxides

He¹,

Yao²

2004

Res. Chem. Intermed.

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Transition-metal oxides -including tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, niobium pentoxide and zinc oxide -exhibit photochromism upon bandgap excitation. These oxides constitute an important group of inorganic chromogenic materials, which is of great significance in the perspective of science and technology. During the past several decades, great progresses have been made in the microstructure, photochromic behavior and mechanism of these oxides, specifically of tungsten oxide. These studies underscore the opportunity of using these materials in photonic applications. The details will be presented in this review.

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Section: Photochromic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Photochromic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochromism in transition-metal oxides

He¹,

Yao²

2004

Res. Chem. Intermed.

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“…The above process has been found to cause reversible lattice polarization and deformation [6,33] and the color change has been attributed to the small polaron formation [13,33,34]. The stress developed by lattice distortion has been observed experimentally and measured for WO 3 films on thin glass substrates using laser probe deflection technique by Torresi et al [35], Dini et al [36], and Scarminio [37] and by electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQCN) technique with isotopic compensation [3] using H + and D + intercalating species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large cation model of dissociative reduction of electrochromic WO3−x films

Hepel¹,

Redmond²

2009

Open Chemistry

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Studies of dissociative reduction processes of electrochromic WO 3-x films were conducted to: (i) evaluate their utility for electroetching and (ii) determine their fundamental mechanistic features to reduce or eliminate their occurrence in normal optical switching and modulation operation of WO 3-x films. We have found that while the small intercalating cations stabilize WO 3-x structure, the large nonintercalating surfactant cations (Et 4 N+, CtMe 3 N+) contribute to the dissociative reduction. While these cations do not affect WO 3-x structure of anodically protected films (E > 0.2 V), they cause surface lattice polarization on electron injection to the conduction band of WO 3-x at lower electrode potentials, in the absence of intercalating cations. We have found that this process is limited to the surface and no structural damage occurs to the underlying film. The mechanistic aspects of the process have been discussed on the basis of experimental voltammetric and electrochemical quartz crystal nanogravimetric (EQCN) measurements and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations.© Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

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“…For example, electrochromic [1][2][3][4][5], photochromic [4][5][6] and thermochromic [7,8] properties are known as a color change by the action of an electric field, electromagnetic radiation and heat, respectively. These properties have been widely studied and were attributed to the ability of tungsten atoms to adopt various oxidation states (W 6+ , W 5+ , and W 4+ ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%