Stress fractures in the young adult hip

Lodge, Christopher; Sha, Shiv; Yousef, Ahmed Salah Eissa; MacEachern, Campbell F.

doi:10.1016/j.mporth.2020.01.006

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Stress fractures are the result of excessive stress on the bone due to a prolonged and repetitive loading [ 85 , 86 ]. They can also occur as insufficiency fractures due to secondary osteoporosis [ 87 ]. Stress fractures are not uncommon in athletes and affect 1% of the general athletic population [ 88 ] but can rise up to 20% of all athletes [ 11 ].…”

Section: Consequences Of a 25(oh)d Deficiency In Sport—stress Fracmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are comparable results in other studies. In a collective of almost 15,000 athletes the following distribution was found: tibia (44.1%), ribs (14.1%), metatarsals (12.9%), olecranon (8.7%) and pelvis (8.4%) [ 87 ]. Stress fractures of the tibia can also occur as anterior mid-tibial cortex stress fractures [ 124 ] and should not be mistaken as medial tibial stress syndrome [ 78 ].…”

Section: Localization Of Stress Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D and Stress Fractures in Sport: Preventive and Therapeutic Measures—A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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There are numerous risk factors for stress fractures that have been identified in literature. Among different risk factors, a prolonged lack of vitamin D (25(OH)D) can lead to stress fractures in athletes since 25(OH)D insufficiency is associated with an increased incidence of a fracture. A 25(OH)D value of <75.8 nmol/L is a risk factor for a stress fracture. 25(OH)D deficiency is, however, only one of several potential risk factors. Well-documented risk factors for a stress fracture include female sex, white ethnicity, older age, taller stature, lower aerobic fitness, prior physical inactivity, greater amounts of current physical training, thinner bones, 25(OH)D deficiency, iron deficiency, menstrual disturbances, and inadequate intake of 25(OH)D and/or calcium. Stress fractures are not uncommon in athletes and affect around 20% of all competitors. Most athletes with a stress fracture are under 25 years of age. Stress fractures can affect every sporty person, from weekend athletes to top athletes. Stress fractures are common in certain sports disciplines such as basketball, baseball, athletics, rowing, soccer, aerobics, and classical ballet. The lower extremity is increasingly affected for stress fractures with the locations of the tibia, metatarsalia and pelvis. Regarding prevention and therapy, 25(OH)D seems to play an important role. Athletes should have an evaluation of 25(OH)D -dependent calcium homeostasis based on laboratory tests of 25-OH-D3, calcium, creatinine, and parathyroid hormone. In case of a deficiency of 25(OH)D, normal blood levels of ≥30 ng/mL may be restored by optimizing the athlete’s lifestyle and, if appropriate, an oral substitution of 25(OH)D. Very recent studies suggested that the prevalence of stress fractures decreased when athletes are supplemented daily with 800 IU 25(OH)D and 2000 mg calcium. Recommendations of daily 25(OH)D intake may go up to 2000 IU of 25(OH)D per day.

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