“…The geometry of the dog-bone specimen in the TSTM test (Liang, Li, et al, 2022;Lokhorst, 2001) is used in the TCM model, which has a 100*150*850 mm 3 prism in the middle, and two clamping heads at the two ends. The dog-bone specimen simplifies structural factors (geometry, boundary conditions), which can significantly vary from case to case and are difficult to parametrize in a single model.…”