Stress, Emotional Intelligence and the Intention to Use Cannabis in Spanish Adolescents: Influence of COVID-19 Confinement

Liébana‐Presa, Cristina; Martínez-Fernández, María Cristina; Bení­tez-Andrades, José Alberto; Fernández-Martínez, Elena; Marqués‐Sánchez, Pilar; García-Rodríguez, Isaías

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.582578

Cited by 21 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A proportion of studies ( n = 10, 2,321) utilised interviews, of which some were parent interviews ( n = 2, 535), some were child interviews (n = 5, 2,629), and some interviewed both parents and children ( n = 3, 261). Duration of lockdown was 52.3 ± 21.3 days in the included studies (range 30 [ 1 , 4 , 12 , 17 , 25 , 27 , 34 , 39 , 41 , 57 , 82 ]—100 days [ 80 , 100 ]). The characteristics of the included studies and their findings are summarised in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were also significant differences seen regarding mood symptoms ( p < .01). Children in the northern areas were sadder ( p < 0.001) and more bored ( p < 0.01) in comparison to children in central areas Liebana-Presa et al 2020 [ 57 ] Spain Cross-sectional 300 62 14.0 ± 1.0, 13–17 ★★ There was a strong correlation between the physiological and emotional manifestations in stress (r = 0.778). Regarding the intention to use cannabis, the component of attitude toward its use is significantly correlated with stress: emotional manifestations (r = 0.260), physiological ( r = 0.300) and behavioural ( r = 0.412) Liu et al 2020 [ 59 ] China Cross-sectional 1264 44% 9.8, 7–12 Y N.A Amongst children, prosocial behaviours prevalence was 10.3%, followed by conduct problems (7.0%), peer problems (6.6%), hyperactivity-inattention (6.3%) and emotional problems (4.7%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child and adolescent mental health: systematic review

Panchal¹,

Pablo

Franco

et al. 2021

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

583

490

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COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, resulting in many countries worldwide calling for lockdowns. This study aimed to review the existing literature on the effects of the lockdown measures established as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. Embase, Ovid, Global Health, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and pre-print databases were searched in this PRISMA-compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021225604). We included individual studies reporting on a wide range of mental health outcomes, including risk and protective factors, conducted in children and adolescents (aged ≤ 19 years), exposed to COVID-19 lockdown. Data extraction and quality appraisal were conducted by independent researchers, and results were synthesised by core themes. 61 articles with 54,999 children and adolescents were included (mean age = 11.3 years, 49.7% female). Anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms were common in the included studies and ranged 1.8–49.5% and 2.2–63.8%, respectively. Irritability (range = 16.7–73.2%) and anger (range = 30.0–51.3%), were also frequently reported by children and adolescents. Special needs and the presence of mental disorders before the lockdown, alongside excessive media exposure, were significant risk factors for anxiety. Parent–child communication was protective for anxiety and depression. The COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in psychological distress and highlighted vulnerable groups such as those with previous or current mental health difficulties. Supporting the mental health needs of children and adolescents at risk is key. Clinical guidelines to alleviate the negative effects of COVID-19 lockdown and public health strategies to support this population need to be developed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child and adolescent mental health: systematic review

Panchal¹,

Pablo

Franco

et al. 2021

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

583

490

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“…Thirteen studies targeted primary school populations (<12 years) (Alonso-Mart ınez et al, 2021; Chen, Chen, et al, 2020; de Avila et al, 2020;Dumas, Ellis, & Litt, 2020;Fontenelle-Tereshchuk, 2020;A. Gassman-Pines et al, 2020;Glynn, Davis, Luby, Baram, & Sandman, 2021;Lee, Ward, Chang, & Downing, 2021;Romero, L opez-Romero, Dom ınguezalvarez, Villar, & G omez-Fraguela, 2020;Waller et al, 2021;Xie et al, 2020;Xue et al, 2021), 27 reported on middle and high school populations (aged 12-18) (Alamrawy et al, 2021;Breaux et al, 2021;Buzzi et al, 2020;Cao et al, 2021;Chi et al, 2021;Ellis, Dumas, & Forbes, 2020;Fish et al, 2020;Giannopoulou, Efstathiou, Triantafyllou, Korkoliakou, & Douzenis, 2021;Janssen et al, 2020;Kılınc ßel, Kılınc ßel, Muratda gı, Aydın, & Usta, 2020;Li et al, 2021;Liebana-Presa et al, 2020;Lu et al, 2020;Luthar, Ebbert, & Kumar, 2020;Magson et al, 2021;Masuyama, Shinkawa, & Kubo, 2020;Murata et al, 2021;Oosterhoff, Palmer, Wilson, & Shook, 2020;Pons et al, 2020;Qi, Liu, et al, 2020;Qi, Zhou, et al, 2020;Rauschenberg et al, 2020;Rogers et al, 2021;Scott et al, 2021;Secer & Ulas, 2020;…”

Section: Age Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Mental health impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children and youth – a systematic review

Samji

Ladak

et al. 2021

Child Adoles Ment Health

611

478

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented threat to global mental health. Children and adolescents may be more susceptible to mental health impacts related to their vulnerable developmental stage, fear of infection, home confinement, suspension of regular school and extracurricular activities, physical distancing mandates, and larger scale threats such as global financial recessions and associated impacts. Our objective was to review existing evidence of the COVID-19 pandemic's global impact on the mental health of children and adolescents <19 years of age and to identify personal and contextual factors that may enhance risk or confer protection in relation to mental health outcomes. Methods: We conducted a search of peerreviewed and preprint research published in English from January 1, 2020, to February 22, 2021. We included studies collecting primary data on COVID-19-related mental health impacts on children and adolescents. We graded the strength of included articles using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine rating scheme. Results: Our search and review yielded 116 articles presenting data on a total of 127,923 children and adolescents; 50,984 child and adolescent proxy reports (e.g., parents, healthcare practitioners); and >3,000 chart reviews. A high prevalence of COVID-19-related fear was noted among children and adolescents, as well as more depressive and anxious symptoms compared with prepandemic estimates. Older adolescents, girls, and children and adolescents living with neurodiversities and/or chronic physical conditions were more likely to experience negative mental health outcomes. Many studies reported mental health deterioration among children and adolescents due to COVID-19 pandemic control measures. Physical exercise, access to entertainment, positive familial relationships, and social support were associated with better mental health outcomes. Conclusions: This review highlights the urgent need for practitioners and policymakers to attend to and collaborate with children and adolescents, especially those in higher risk subgroups, to mitigate short-and long-term pandemic-associated mental health effects. Key Practitioner Message• Children and adolescents are at crucial phases of development, making them more susceptible to negative mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and response measures.• In this review, children and adolescents were found to experience more depressive and anxious symptoms than reported prepandemic rates, specifically with high levels of fear and concern regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their lives.• Factors associated with worse COVID-19 mental health outcomes were older adolescent age, female gender, neurodiversity, and the presence of chronic physical conditions.• While this review captures emerging data, study designs that utilize validated measures and undertake longitudinal data capture will greatly improve understanding of impacts.• Pandemic-associated negative impacts on child and adolescent mental health are clear and must be...

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“…A higher perceived ability to regulate emotions was related to a lower frequency of cannabis use in other studies with adolescents [ 39 , 40 ]. On the other hand, a high level of attention to emotions has been linked to a higher level of stress, which hinders the ability to understand and regulate emotions and increases the probability of cannabis use in adolescents [ 41 ]. In terms of EI evaluated through maximum performance tests, the few existing studies such as the one carried out by Brackett, Mayer, and Warner [ 42 ], showed significant negative relations between the components of emotional perception, emotional facilitation, emotional understanding, and emotional regulation regarding the frequency of cannabis use in university students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Variables of Protection against Cannabis Use in Adolescence: The Roles of Emotional Intelligence, Coping Styles, and Assertiveness as Associated Factors

González-Yubero

Visa

Palomera

2021

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Many public bodies have warned of the increased consumption of cannabis, particularly among adolescents. From the Positive Youth Development approach, the promotion of personal protective factors takes on special importance against some risks, such as the consumption of addictive substances. (2) Methods: This research is one of the first to study the role of trait and ability emotional intelligence in relation to cannabis use and with respect to other personal variables of protection, such as coping styles and assertiveness. For this purpose, a final sample of 799 schoolchildren was obtained. (3) Results: After controlling for age and gender, the results of the regression analyses revealed that emotional perception, emotional facilitation, emotional clarity, emotional repair, active coping style, and assertiveness were inversely and significantly associated with cannabis use behaviors. On the other hand, the emotional attention and avoidant coping style factors were positively and significantly associated with these behaviors. (4) Conclusions: These findings provide new evidence that could be useful in terms of guiding health-promoting clinical and educational interventions at an early age.

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Stress, Emotional Intelligence and the Intention to Use Cannabis in Spanish Adolescents: Influence of COVID-19 Confinement

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child and adolescent mental health: systematic review

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child and adolescent mental health: systematic review

Review: Mental health impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children and youth – a systematic review

Personal Variables of Protection against Cannabis Use in Adolescence: The Roles of Emotional Intelligence, Coping Styles, and Assertiveness as Associated Factors

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