Stress during adolescence enhances locomotor sensitization to nicotine in adulthood in female, but not male, rats

McCormick, Cheryl M.; Robarts, Dan; Gleason, Erin D.; Kelsey, John E.

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.05.004

Cited by 97 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Increased sensitization in SS compared to control animals tested in adolescence is inconsistent with our previous findings with nicotine, whereby adolescent SS rats had decreased locomotor sensitization relative to controls (McCormick & Ibrahim, 2007), although increased sensitization to nicotine was found in adolescent SS female rats when tested as adults (McCormick et al, 2004(McCormick et al, , 2005. The reason for this discrepancy is not clear, but it may be attributed to the differences in pharmacological properties of amphetamine compared to nicotine and/or differences in the developmental trajectory of the substrates upon which they act.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…We found that adolescent SS increased the locomotor response to repeated treatment with nicotine (McCormick, Robarts, Gleason, & Kelsey, 2004) or to acute amphetamine (McCormick, Robarts, Kopeikina, & Kelsey, 2005) when testing occurred in adulthood 3 weeks after the adolescent stress exposure. That the same SS procedure in adulthood did not alter drug responding when tested 3 weeks after stress exposure suggests that adolescence may be a distinctive period of vulnerability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Chronic social stress in adolescence influenced both amphetamine conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization

Mathews

Mills

McCormick

2008

Developmental Psychobiology

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We previously reported that chronic social stress (SS) in adolescence, but not in adulthood, increased the locomotor-activating effects of nicotine in females, and not males, when tested in adulthood. However, SS rats had decreased locomotor response to nicotine when tested in adolescence. Here, we investigated age-related changes in the effects of SS on both conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization to amphetamine. In the CPP experiment, SS females tested in adolescence had increased preference for the 1.0 mg/kg dose of amphetamine, whereas SS rats of both sexes showed a decrease in CPP for the 0.5 mg/kg dose when tested as adults. Irrespective of time of testing, SS males and females had enhanced locomotor sensitization compared to controls. Thus, adolescent SS produced both immediate and enduring effects on behavioral responses to amphetamine, likely by altering the development of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, which holds implications for vulnerability to addiction.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Chronic social stress in adolescence influenced both amphetamine conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization

Mathews

Mills

McCormick

2008

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Immediately after saline injection on habituation day and amphetamine injection on test days, locomotor activity was recorded using a Sony colour video camera mounted above the center of the boxes and linked to a computer tracking system (Smart; San Diego Instruments, San Diego, CA) that measured the distance traveled by the rat (cm). We routinely find little change in locomotor activity after injection of saline over days of testing; the exception is when testing spans over a wide range of days in adolescence, there may be an increase in activity that is a reflection of development rather than simply an effect of repeated testing Mathews et al, 2008;McCormick, Robarts, Gleason, & Kelsey, 2004;McCormick, Robarts, Kopeikina, & Kelsey, 2005). In addition, we reliably find increased locomotor activity in rats at the ages under consideration in the present experiments after amphetamine with a 0.5 mg/kg dose compared to saline treated rats, and more activity in amphetamine-than in saline-treated rats across test days unpublished observations).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in hyporesponsiveness to acute amphetamine and age differences in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the brain over adolescence in male and female rats

Mathews

Waters

McCormick

2009

Developmental Psychobiology

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We investigated hyposensitivity after amphetamine in early (postnatal Day 30; P30) and late (P45) adolescent rats compared to adults (P70) in experiment 1. Locomotor activity was measured for 1 hr after the first (acute) and second (24 hr later) injection of amphetamine (0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg). P30 and P45 rats were transiently hypoactive compared to adults, as indicated by reduced locomotor activity after acute amphetamine and enhanced activity after the second injection in adolescents only. In experiment 2, ovariectomy did not alter locomotor activity during habituation at any age compared to intact rats, and, as for intact adolescents, ovariectomized adolescents continued to be less active after amphetamine than adults, suggesting gonadal immaturity alone cannot account for age differences in experiment 1. However, ovariectomy attenuated the increase in activity after the second treatment. In experiment 3 involving untreated rats, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was reduced in P30, P40, and P50 compared to P90 rats in the nucleus accumbens core and the medial prefrontal cortex. Thus, adolescents may have an increased threshold of behavioral activation that can be overcome with either a higher dose or with repeated amphetamine treatment, and may be related to changes in the dopamine system over development.

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“…For example, experimentally induced chronic stress (via twice daily injections or forced swim) was found to reduce the normal thermic (i.e. core temperature) response to nicotine (Flemmer andDilsaver, 1989, Peck et al, 1991), while adolescent preexposure to stress enhanced sensitization to the locomotor effects of nicotine in female rats (McCormick et al, 2004). The present findings compliment this experimental work in demonstrating increased risk for nicotine dependence at similar levels of smoking exposure for those with major depression or specific phobia.…”

Section: Psychiatric Disorders and Nicotine Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of psychiatric disorders in the relationship between cigarette smoking and DSM-IV nicotine dependence among young adults

Dierker

Donny

2008

Nicotine & Tobacco Res.

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This study set out to evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and DSM-IV nicotine dependence and to determine whether psychiatric disorders may signal greater sensitivity to nicotine dependence at similar levels of smoking exposure. Drawing on the young adult sample (age 18 to 25) from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol Related Conditions (NESARC), logistic regression analyses were conducted. Smokers with major depression, alcohol use disorders or specific phobia had a higher risk of meeting DSM criteria for nicotine dependence than those without these disorders. When examining smoking quantity, rates of nicotine dependence were similar for those with and without major depression among non-daily smokers, yet among daily smokers, rates of nicotine dependence were consistently higher among those with major depression compared to those without. Alcohol dependence elevated the risk of nicotine dependence at low to moderate levels of use. However, no difference in risk for nicotine dependence was seen between alcohol dependent and non-dependent individuals smoking more than a pack a day. Increased risk of nicotine dependence among those with a specific phobia was consistent across the range of current smoking levels. These findings add to the growing literature documenting dependence in non-daily smokers and demonstrate that while chronic smoking is often a key feature in dependence, psychiatric disorders may signal greater sensitivity to nicotine dependence symptoms at substantially lower levels of smoking exposure.

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Stress during adolescence enhances locomotor sensitization to nicotine in adulthood in female, but not male, rats

Cited by 97 publications

References 70 publications

Chronic social stress in adolescence influenced both amphetamine conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization

Chronic social stress in adolescence influenced both amphetamine conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization

Changes in hyporesponsiveness to acute amphetamine and age differences in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the brain over adolescence in male and female rats

The role of psychiatric disorders in the relationship between cigarette smoking and DSM-IV nicotine dependence among young adults

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