“…AI technology has been incorporated into cephalometry to resolve accurate diagnosis and surgical planning issues ( Shin and Kim 2022 ). Cephalometry combined with AI may be able to assist practitioners with determination of bone age, extraction decisions, orthognathic surgical prediction, and temporomandibular bone segmentation ( Mohammad-Rahimi et al, 2021 , Mehdizadeh et al, 2022 , Ebadian et al, 2023 ). Cephalometry and AI are often combined with other diagnostic tools, such as facial form analysis and model analysis; thus, the time-consuming task of orthodontic diagnosis can be made more efficient, accurate, and objective ( Ruizhongtai Qi 2020 ).…”