Stress, Depression and Anxiety in Primary Headache Sufferers: Evaluation by Means of the Scl-90–R.

The Role of Anger and Depression in Recurrent Headache

“…In addition, those with TTH experienced more stress and were more depressed and anxious than migraineurs. Depressed patients reported higher anxiety and anxious patients reported higher depression levels than patients who were not depressed or anxious in both headache types 12 …”

“…One explanation offered for part of this elevation was that TTH‐prone individuals may experience chronic anxiety. Puca and colleagues, in a study examining stress, depression, and anxiety in primary headache found depression and anxiety coexisted in the same subjects 12 . A greater occurrence of stress was found in depressed individuals than in those with TTH and migraine who were not depressed.…”

Childhood Headache, Stress in Adolescence, and Primary Headache in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

“…However, much of the evidence is based on women from selected populations 8,9 and gender comparisons are lacking when both men and women are sampled 10 . Further, few studies have compared TTH with other headache syndromes, 11,12 and controls without headache are rarely employed in group analyses 12,13 . There is also a lack of knowledge on the relation between specific stress symptoms and headache, despite the fact that different life events may impact individuals in different ways 14 …”

Depression Scores Following Migraine Treatment in Patients Attending a Specialized Center for Headache and Neurology

“…Multiple epidemiologic studies have reported an association between migraine and psychiatric conditions, specifically depression 1‐15 . During the last few years, the link was explored from different points of view.…”