Stress breeding of neglected tetraploid primitive wheat (Triticum dicoccum, Triticum carthlicum and Triticum polonicum)

Saleh, Maysoun M.

doi:10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6100

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…An alternative approach would be to promote the cultivation of einkorn and emmer wheats in harsh environments, especially in developing countries, depending on the demand and climatic conditions [233][234][235]. Triticum dicoccon, T. polonicum, T. carthlicum, and T. turanicum are sources of useful alleles for improving abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in modern wheat cultivars [195,234,236,237].…”

Section: Improved Tolerance To Drought Heat and Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

Sharma¹,

Schulthess

Bassi³

et al. 2021

Biology

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Wheat (Triticum sp.) is one of the world’s most important crops, and constantly increasing its productivity is crucial to the livelihoods of millions of people. However, more than a century of intensive breeding and selection processes have eroded genetic diversity in the elite genepool, making new genetic gains difficult. Therefore, the need to introduce novel genetic diversity into modern wheat has become increasingly important. This review provides an overview of the plant genetic resources (PGR) available for wheat. We describe the most important taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of these PGR to guide their use in wheat breeding. In addition, we present the status of the use of some of these resources in wheat breeding programs. We propose several introgression schemes that allow the transfer of qualitative and quantitative alleles from PGR into elite germplasm. With this in mind, we propose the use of a stage-gate approach to align the pre-breeding with main breeding programs to meet the needs of breeders, farmers, and end-users. Overall, this review provides a clear starting point to guide the introgression of useful alleles over the next decade.

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Section: Improved Tolerance To Drought Heat and Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

Sharma¹,

Schulthess

Bassi³

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…Some authors reported that Polish wheat grain could contain up to 27% of protein [3]. The protein content in grain of the Polish wheat accession under investigation was much lower, but significantly higher than in the check durum wheat cultivar (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…pseudocompactum is closer to medium hard wheats according to Haraszi et al's classification [36,37]or to semi-hard wheat cultivars (7 points) according to the grain hardness scale [18] than to durum wheat. This explains the fact that despite being tetraploid wheat, T. polonicum is traditionally is used in bread-making industry [3] and evaluated as an ingredient in bread production [7].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valuable representative of Triticum polonicum L. for growing in Ukraine

et al. 2023

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Nowadays when agrarians reopen neglected and underutilized wheat species, Triticum polonicum is in the focus of researchers and breeders. However, being cultivated in different locations, a crop may change its technological and biochemical parameters. Given these considerations, we set a purpose to investigate features of T. polonicum grain grown in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The analyses were carried out on Triticum polonicum var. pseudocompactum grown by traditional farming techniques. The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl digestion. The carotenoid level was spectrophotometrically assessed in acetone extracts. The total antioxidant activity was investigated by DPPH assay. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. The test weight and vitreousness were evaluated in compliance with the State Standard of Ukraine. The grain hardness was determined on a YPD-300 hardness tester. Pasta was assessed in compliance with the methodical guidelines. Pasta color was evaluated by express-method. The weight increase index, volume increase index, water absorption index, yellowness index, and whiteness index were calculated. Results and discussion. One thousand-kernel weight in Polish wheat was considerably higher than that in check cv. Spadshchyna (check durum wheat variety), though it did not reach the maximum because T. polonicum. There were upward trends in the kernel number and weight per plant in T. polonicum var. pseudocompactum in comparison with cv. Spadshchyna (though differences did not reach statistical significance) due to greater productive tillering capacity. The protein content in Polish wheat grain was much lower than some published data, but significantly higher than in the check durum wheat cultivar (17.6±0.8% vs. 12.7 ± 0.4%). The carotenoid content in Polish wheat grain was low (1.98±0.3 mg/kg), however the b* value (indicator of yellowness) for pasta was relatively high (15). The palmitic acid content in T. polonicum var. pseudocompactum grain was lower than in cv. Spadshchyna. The kernel hardness of 187 N means that T. polonicum var. pseudocompactum is closer to medium hard or even soft BREAD wheats than to durum wheat. Pasta from T. polonicum var. pseudocompactum can be classed as excellent by the cooking loss value of 5.79±0.16%. Through the lens of the WAI value (216 ± 4 g/100 g raw pasta), T. polonicum var. pseudocompactum pasta was also better than pasta from cv. Spadshchyna. Conclusions. Being grown in Ukraine, T. polonicum var. pseudocompactum formed more kernels per spike than the check durum wheat cultivar and had a higher thousand-kernel weight than cv. Spadshchyna. It also showed high values of the kernel weight per spike and per plant. It can be a source of large seeds. The protein content in Polish wheat grain was higher than in cv. Spadshchyna, which makes it a source of high protein content. T. polonicum var. pseudocompactum is suitable for pasta industry and can be involved in hybridization as a source of some pasta quality indicators: its cooking loss was very low, b* value and YI were fairly high, and the WAI was low. At the same time, most of the other parameters were comparable to those of the check durum wheat cultivar; thus, crossing with T. polonicum var. pseudocompactum aimed at improving certain performance, technological and biochemical parameters is not expected to deteriorate major pasta scores or it may even enhance some of them.

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“…Wang et al, 2022). Domesticated emmer wheat, the ancestor of bread wheat, is known to be one of the most ancient cultivated cereals and is characterized by qualities such as high fiber content, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and ability to grow in adverse environmental conditions (Lucas et al, 2017;Saleh, 2020). Despite the exciting potential of emmer wheat to contribute to wheat improvement (Mohammadi et al, 2021;Zaharieva et al, 2010;Zohary, 2013), the evolution from wild to domestic emmer forms and the differentiation of domestic emmer are still largely unexplored topics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild emmer contribution in wheat domestication and adaptation to new environments

Iob,

Botigué

2023

Preprint

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Wheat is a staple crop, and its production is heavily threatened by climate change and soil erosion. Breeding programmes commonly rely on the wild progenitor, wild emmer wheat,Triticum turgidumsubsp.dicoccoides, to find markers associated with traits conferring higher resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, albeit how its genetic diversity contributed into domestication and adaptation to agricultural systems has never been studied. We explore the population structure and the influence of wild emmer populations from both the Northern and Southern Levant during the domestication process. Additionally, we examine their potential contribution to facilitating the adaptation and dispersal of domestic landraces to new environments. We quantify the genomic proportion of wild Southern Levant ancestry in two different domestic germplasms, including landraces from Europe, Africa and Asia. We obtain direct evidence that as much as 26% of the genome has Southern Levant ancestry in the population from Europe, and up to 40% in the population from Africa and Asia. We also estimate the time since admixture of the two wild populations to produce the domestic forms, obtaining two dates, one matching the domestication in Southwest Asia (ca 9500 BP) and the other matching the dispersal towards Africa (ca 6500 BP). We also inquire about the possible adaptive role of wild emmer from the Southern Levant into domestication and dispersal and find an overrepresentation of genes associated with resistance to biotic stress and drought. Overall, our work provides more information on the origins of domestic wheat and highlights the potential of modern domestic landraces of emmer wheat in the study of the genetic basis of resilience. Modeling wheat genome evolution under different demographic scenarios is needed to confirm the observed signals of positive selection and facilitate the use of emmer landraces in future wheat breeding programmes.

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Stress breeding of neglected tetraploid primitive wheat (Triticum dicoccum, Triticum carthlicum and Triticum polonicum)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

Valuable representative of Triticum polonicum L. for growing in Ukraine

Wild emmer contribution in wheat domestication and adaptation to new environments

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