Stress and the progression of periodontal disease

Linden, Gerard; Mullally, Brian; Freeman, Ruth

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1996.tb00593.x

Cited by 96 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The association between stress and heightened susceptibility to oral disease, periodontal disease in particular, has been demonstrated in both human and animal studies (4 -9). In humans, this association has been found in studies that utilized case-control (10 -14), longitudinal (11,(15)(16)(17), and epidemiological-correlational study designs (4, 18 -21). This research literature further demonstrates that psychosocial stress is a risk factor independent of conventional risk factors (eg, social class, dental attendance, smoking, age, and dietary habits).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Stress as a Determinant of Saliva-Mediated Adherence and Coadherence of Oral and Nonoral Microorganisms

Bosch

Turkenburg

Nazmi

et al. 2003

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Objective: The mucosal secretory proteins, such as the salivary proteins, play a key role in the acquisition and regulation of the mucosal microflora. Most notably, some microorganisms utilize the host's secretory proteins to adhere to the mucosa; a first step in colonization and infection. The secretory proteins also influence colonization by affecting the binding among microorganisms, a process denoted as coadherence. Previously we reported that acute stressors cause specific changes in saliva composition. The present study investigated to what extent these changes influence saliva-mediated microbial adherence and coadherence (ex vivo). Methods: Thirty-two male undergraduates provided unstimulated saliva before and during a control condition and two stressors: A memory test and a surgery video presentation. We used saliva-coated microplates to test the adherence of bacteria for which the oral cavity is either a natural reservoir (eg, viridans streptococci) or a portal of entry (eg, Helicobacter pylori). We also tested the saliva-mediated co-adherence between Streptococcus gordonii and the yeast Candida albicans. Correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationships between changes in microbial adherence and the concentrations of potential salivary ligands, viz. cystatin S, the mucins MUC5B and MUC7, S-IgA, lactoferrin, ␣-amylase, and total salivary protein. Results: During the memory test, saliva-mediated adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus gordonii, and H. pylori increased, whereas the coadherence of C. albicans with S. gordonii decreased. During the surgical video presentation the saliva-mediated adherence of H. pylori, S. sanguis, and Streptococcus mitis increased. These changes were independent of salivary flow rate, but correlated with specific changes in salivary protein composition. Conclusion: The results show that even moderate stressors, by altering the activity of the mucosal secretory glands, may affect microbial colonization processes such as adherence and coadherence. This study hereby presents a mechanism by which stress may affect the mucosal microflora and susceptibility to infectious disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Stress as a Determinant of Saliva-Mediated Adherence and Coadherence of Oral and Nonoral Microorganisms

Bosch

Turkenburg

Nazmi

et al. 2003

Psychosomatic Medicine

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“…Hypothetically, stress could also contribute to inflammation through antidromic signaling, resulting in neuropeptide release (Breivik et al, 1996). Thus, potential mechanisms exist, mediated by SP and perhaps other neuropeptides, through which stress could affect the progression of peripheral inflammation and could have involvement in the reported association between stress and periodontitis (see review by Breivik et al, 1996;Linden et al, 1996;Genco et al, 1999).…”

Section: (9) Stress and Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptides and Neurogenic Mechanisms in Oral and Periodontal Inflammation

Lundy

Linden

2004

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

148

165

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ABSTRACT:It is generally accepted that the nervous system contributes to the pathophysiology of peripheral inflammation, and a neurogenic component has been implicated in many inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Neurogenic inflammation should be regarded as a protective mechanism, which forms the first line of defense and protects tissue integrity. However, severe or prolonged noxious stimulation may result in the inflammatory response mediating injury rather than facilitating repair. This review focuses on the accumulating evidence suggesting that neuropeptides have a pivotal role in the complex cascade of chemical activity associated with periodontal inflammation. An overview of neuropeptide synthesis and release introduces the role of neuropeptides and their interactions with other inflammatory factors, which ultimately lead to neurogenic inflammation. The biological effects of the neuropeptides substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are summarized, and evidence for their involvement in the localized inflammatory lesions which characterize periodontitis is presented. In this context, the role of CGRP in bone metabolism is described in more detail. Recent research highlighting the role of the nervous system in suppressing pain and inflammation is also discussed.

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“…Recently, salivary cortisol levels were used to evaluate the role of emotional stress in periodontal disease. Higher salivary cortisol levels were detected in individuals exhibiting severe periodontitis, a high level of financial strain, and high emotion-focused coping, 21,22 Bacteria Umeda et al (1998) examined the presence of periodontopathic bacteria in whole saliva in relation to occurrence of the microorganisms in subgingival plaque. Using polymerase chain reaction, a fair agreement was found between the presence of P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and T. Denticola in whole saliva and in periodontal pocket samples.…”

Section: Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers for Periodontal Diseases-A Review

Narang¹,

Mittal

Gupta³

et al. 2013

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Second most common oral disease next to dental caries is periodontal disease. It is considered to be inflammatory disorder that damages tissue through the complex interaction between periopathogens and the host defense systems. Researchers involved in periodontal disease diagnostics are currently investigating the possible use of oral fluids, such as saliva, for disease assessment. Secretions from the major salivary glands, which have a large number of proteins and peptides, are responsible for maintaining the integrity of the oral cavity. Also, because of its importance in oral biofilm formation and host defense, secreted saliva with its biomarkers may have a significant role in the establishment and progression of periodontal disease.

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Stress and the progression of periodontal disease

Cited by 96 publications

References 18 publications

Stress as a Determinant of Saliva-Mediated Adherence and Coadherence of Oral and Nonoral Microorganisms

Stress as a Determinant of Saliva-Mediated Adherence and Coadherence of Oral and Nonoral Microorganisms

Neuropeptides and Neurogenic Mechanisms in Oral and Periodontal Inflammation

Salivary Biomarkers for Periodontal Diseases-A Review

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