Stress and Dental Caries

Sutton, Philip R. N.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3118-1.50012-8

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…There is some experimental evidence to suggest that stress has an effect on salivary fiow rates (17). This effect was independent of medication usage and suggests that there may be a psychosocial cotnponent to some instances of dry mouth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Subjective reports of oral dryness in an older adult population

Locker

1993

Comm Dent Oral Epid

134

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In this study of an older adult population almost one-fifth reported oral dryness. It was the most common of 22 oral symptoms and complaints. In a logistic regression analysis of predictors of oral dryness three variables had significant independent effects: income, taking prescribed medications and experiencing a stressful life change within the previous 6 months. Subjects with oral dryness had more decayed crown surfaces than those without but there was no association with decayed root surfaces. Nor were there any significant associations between reports of oral dryness and a number of indicators of periodontal health. Those with dryness were more likely to report other oral symptoms such as unpleasant taste, a burning sensation in the tongue and other parts of the mouth and pain from dentures. They were also more likely to report problems chewing food, problems with eating and communication and were more likely to be dissatisfied with their oral health. Given its prevalence and effects, oral dryness constitutes an important health issue among older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Subjective reports of oral dryness in an older adult population

Locker

1993

Comm Dent Oral Epid

134

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“…Other studies could not establish changes in salivary flow caused by experimental stressors like presenting a public talk [ 16 ] or watching a surgical video [ 17 ]. The increase or decrease in salivary flow possibly depends on the personality of the subjects [ 18 ]. It has been suggested as well that an active coping stressor will decrease salivary flow while a passive coping stressor will enhance it [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship among perceived stress, xerostomia, and salivary flow rate in patients visiting a saliva clinic

2018

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ObjectiveThis aimed to assess the potential role of chronic stress in saliva secretion, xerostomia, and oral health in a population attending a saliva clinic.Materials and methodsData of 114 patients who met the inclusion criteria and completed all questionnaires were analyzed in this study. Participants completed several validated questionnaires, including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), Xerostomia Inventory (XI), and Bother xerostomia Index (BI). Subsequently, the unstimulated, chewing-stimulated, and citric acid-stimulated saliva secretion rates were determined gravimetrically. Data were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation analysis and the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsA significant correlation was observed between perceived stress and XI score (r = 0.312, p = 0.001), as well as between perceived stress and BI score (r = 0.334, p = 0.001). Stress levels also were significantly associated with OHIP-14 scores (r = 0.420, p < 0.001), but an association between experienced stress and salivary flow rate could not be established.ConclusionIn this population, perceived chronic stress seems to be related to several aspects of dry mouth, including the perception of dry mouth, suffering from dry mouth, and the impact on quality of life. These effects were independent of the use of psychotropic medication. No actual reduction in salivary flow was found. Further studies to explore the causal linkage of stress with xerostomia seem warranted.Clinical relevancePerceived chronic stress seems to be related with several aspects of dry mouth. This finding might be relevant in future prevention and treatment of xerostomia.

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“…Although the inhibitory effects of anxiety on salivation may seem common knowledge, the various authors reviewing this topic were unanimously puzzled by the fact that salivary volume is found to decrease in some studies and to increase in others (23,62,63). The results of our study may provide a key to this puzzle, since we found that anxiety may both increase and decrease salivary flow rate depending on the type of stressor.…”

Section: Acute Stress and Innate Secretory Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This aspect is particularly relevant from a psychosomatic perspective, because several pathologic conditions of the oral cavity have been associated with stress. These include periodontal disease (19 -21), acute necrotizing gingivitis (20,21), dental caries (21)(22)(23), herpes labialis (1,21), recurrent aphthous ulcerations (21), and impaired oral wound healing (24). The relevance of these observations may not be limited to the dental sciences, because impaired oral health is a risk factor in cardiovascular disease and respiratory infection (25)(26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Secretory Immunity in Response to Laboratory Stressors That Evoke Distinct Patterns of Cardiac Autonomic Activity

Bosch

Geus

Veerman

et al. 2003

Psychosomatic Medicine

210

171

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Objective: Most infections begin at mucosal surfaces. These surfaces are covered by the secretory proteins of the exocrine glands (eg, the salivary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal glands), which provide a first line of innate defense. The release of these secretory proteins is under neuroendocrine control and thus, in theory, sensitive to modulation by psychosocial stress. This was empirically tested by measuring the salivary secretion of cystatin S, lactoferrin, ␣-amylase, the mucins MUC5B and MUC7, and total salivary protein in response to stressors known to evoke distinct patterns of cardiac autonomic activity. Methods: Thirty-two undergraduate volunteers were each subjected to two laboratory stressors and a control condition. Stressors were an active coping memory test and a passive coping video presentation showing surgical procedures. In the control condition participants viewed a didactic video presentation. Results: The stressors evoked the expected distinct patterns of cardiac autonomic activity. The memory test produced a strong increase in sympathetic activity (evidenced by a shortened preejection period), and a decrease in cardiac parasympathetic activity (evidenced by a decrease in heart rate variability). This active coping response was associated with an enhanced secretion ( g/min, controlling for salivary flow rate) of MUC7, lactoferrin, ␣-amylase, and total salivary protein. Conversely, the surgical video produced an increase in cardiac vagal tone and a modest increase in sympathetic activity. This passive coping response was associated with an enhanced secretion of all proteins studied. These secretory responses were generally larger than the secretory responses during the active coping memory test. Correlation analyses indicated that for both stressors autonomic and cardiovascular reactivity was positively associated with an enhanced and prolonged secretory activity. Conclusions: Stress-induced modulation of innate secretory immunity may be a contributing factor in the observed relationship between stress and susceptibility to infectious diseases. We further propose a more differentiated approach to acute stress by distinguishing among stressors with distinct autonomic nervous system effects.

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Stress and Dental Caries

Cited by 9 publications

References 95 publications

Subjective reports of oral dryness in an older adult population

Subjective reports of oral dryness in an older adult population

Relationship among perceived stress, xerostomia, and salivary flow rate in patients visiting a saliva clinic

Innate Secretory Immunity in Response to Laboratory Stressors That Evoke Distinct Patterns of Cardiac Autonomic Activity

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