Stress analysis of optical fibers by a finite element method

Okamoto, K.; Hosaka, T.; Edahiro, T.

doi:10.1109/jqe.1981.1070652

Cited by 142 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In this study, we only considered the geometrical birefringence, as it is much larger than the stress-induced birefringence for the parameters under consideration [8]. We carried out numerical simulations for eight-segment SCF with the following values of various parameters, unless stated otherwise: …”

Section: Birefringence Properties Of the Elliptical Scfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birefringence analysis of segmented cladding fiber

et al. 2012

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This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. We present a full-vectorial modal analysis of a segmented cladding fiber (SCF). The analysis is based on the H-field vectorial finite element method (VFEM) employing polar mesh geometry. Using this method, we have analyzed the circular SCF and the elliptical SCF. We have found that the birefringence of the circular SCF is very small (1.0 × 10 −8 ). Birefringence of a highly elliptical SCF can be altered to some extent by the number of segments and duty cycle of segmentation in the segmented cladding. However, the change is not profound. The analysis shows that the circular SCF possesses low birefringence and that the segmented cladding does not add any significant birefringence in an elliptical fiber. This result strongly indicates that small deviations in the segmented cladding parameters arising from fabrication process do not significantly affect the birefringence of the fiber. Permanent repository link

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Section: Birefringence Properties Of the Elliptical Scfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birefringence analysis of segmented cladding fiber

et al. 2012

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“…The change in the material effective indexes caused by stress-induced effects can be expressed as [26]- [30] (5) where , , and are the principal components of the relative stress tensor, and are the components of the material's refractive index, is the refractive index without stress, and and are the stress-optic constants related to the Young's modulus , Poisson's ratio , and the photoelastic tensor elements ( and ) as (6) One source of birefringence is strain due to the temperature difference before and after fabrication processes. The strain and stress are related as follows [31], [32]: (7) where , , and are the principal strain components along the , , and direction, respectively, is the thermal expansion coefficient, and represents the difference between the operating temperature and reference temperature .…”

Section: Waveguide Stress Theory and Polarization-independent Surmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Rules for Single-Mode and Polarization-Independent Silicon-on-Insulator Rib Waveguides Using Stress Engineering

Milošević

Matavulj

Timotijević

et al. 2008

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-There is a trend towards miniaturization of silicon photonic circuits due to superior performance and small cost. Design rules that must be imposed on the geometry of optical waveguides to make them behave as polarization-independent and singlemode devices are well known for waveguides with relatively large cross sections and for some small cross-sectional rib waveguides with vertical sidewalls and an air top cladding. The influence of the top oxide cover on waveguide birefringence was analyzed recently, but only for relatively large cross-sectional waveguides. This paper reports simulations for both single-mode and polarization-independent behavior for small cross-sectional waveguides with variable rib width, etch depth, top oxide cover thickness, and sidewall angle. The results show that the stress-induced effects must be taken into account to satisfy both requirements. Design rules to maintain birefringence-free operation and to satisfy single-mode behavior for small rib silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides are presented.

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“…Since the birefringence is a function of the stress in the core [2], we expect to observe peak splitting of the Bragg grating spectrum. In the unstressed fibre the birefringence is very small and therefore we did not observe any peak splitting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stresses induced in optical fibres by transverse loading were originally investigated in order to assess the potential for controllable coupling of light into or out of conventional fibre [1] and stress effects on highly birefringent fibres [2]. More recently there has been interest in using fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) as transverse load sensors for engineering applications, opening up the possibility of three-axis load measurement by a single sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%