Stress, Alcoholism, and Personality

Williams, Trevor; Calhoun, George; Ackoff, Russell L.

doi:10.1177/001872678203500604

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…If one accepts the literature that suggests that (a) workplace stress is generated through the mismatching of individual needs and organizational demands (French, Caplan, & Harrison, 1982), (b) such stresses are coped with through the ingestion of alcohol (Peyser, 1982;Williams, Calhoun, & Ackoff, 1982), and (c) the problem of alcohol abuse can be viewed as in the interaction of the individual with his or her environment (Lewin, 1951;Moss & Beresford-Davies, 1976), then systemically we are lacking in our treatment (and prevention) efforts by only treating the individual (AA) and the family (Al-Anon and Al-Ateen). To cover all grounds, we must treat the workplace as well.…”

Section: Treating and Preventing Alcohol Abuse In The Workplacementioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of psychological test usage in the United States: 1935–1982.

Lubin¹,

Larsen²,

Matarazzo³

1984

American Psychologist

217

110

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Section: Treating and Preventing Alcohol Abuse In The Workplacementioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of psychological test usage in the United States: 1935–1982.

Lubin¹,

Larsen²,

Matarazzo³

1984

American Psychologist

217

110

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“…Other related research has been used to support the argument that job stress is a cause of alcohol problems. For example, Williams, Calhoun, and Ackoff (1982) found that individuals voluntarily admitted for alcohol treatment reported that job stress was one cause of their alcohol problems. However, as noted by Weiss (1983, this result may simply reflect post hoc rationalization by alcoholics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multivariate Model of Job Stress and Alcohol Consumption

Harris

Fennell

1988

The Sociological Quarterly

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Although a significant relationship between job stress and alcohol consumption would seem quite logical, it has in fact received limited empirical support. A multivariate model is developed in this article, in which the relationship between job stress and alcohol consumption is assumed to be mediated by beliefs regarding the efficacy of alcohol to relieve stress. Considerable support for this model is demonstrated, and the implications for practice as well as research are discussed.In a recent review of the effects of alcohol and drugs on work productivity in the United States, Quayle ( 1983) estimated that approximately $30 billion a year is lost nationally due to employee alcohol and drug abuse. At least two approaches for organizations and businesses to deal with this problem have been advocated (Heneman, Schwab, Fossum, and Dyer 1986). One approach involves the use of company-sponsored occupational programs or Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) (see Cairo [ 19831 and Weiss [ 19861 for reviews of research on EAPs; see Ford and McLaughlin [ 198 1J for a survey of corporate responses to EAPs). Although these programs vary somewhat from company to company, a common feature is that they involve formal counseling programs for treating employees with alcohol and drug problems. The strategy of an EAP approach then is to help employees overcome their substance abuse problems. Although EAPs have been widely accepted in industry (Ford and McLaughlin 1981), the actual effectiveness of these programs is difficult, if not impossible, to determine (Heneman et al. 1986; Weiss 1986).A second possible approach for dealing with alcohol abuse is to determine and ameliorate the causes of this behavior. This approach has perhaps been most succinctly stated by Baum-Baicker (1984); similar implications follow from Newman and Beehr

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“…Alcoholism may be defined as a loss of control over the amount of alcohol consumed as well as a preoccupation with obtaining alcohol. Alcoholics not only consume more alcohol in response to stressful life events than nonalcoholics (Miller, Hersen, Eisler, & Hilsman, 1974), but they also generally experience more intense and more frequent stressors (O'Doherty, 1991;Williams, Calhoun, & Ackoff, 1982). Both casual drinkers and alcoholics may consume alcohol to reduce social anxiety or in response to a stressful life event.…”

Section: Stress and Alcohol Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients, Stress, and Medical Disorders

Yehuda¹,

Mostofsky²

2005

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Stress, Alcoholism, and Personality

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Patterns of psychological test usage in the United States: 1935–1982.

Patterns of psychological test usage in the United States: 1935–1982.

A Multivariate Model of Job Stress and Alcohol Consumption

Nutrients, Stress, and Medical Disorders

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