Stress, Aging and Reliability of Antioxidant Enzyme Defense

Abstract

Clinical and experimental data point to existence of disturbances of adaptive ability of aged organism to extreme impacts. However mechanisms of these disturbances are not clear yet. The purpose of the investigation was to study age-related changes in reaction of erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme system in response to acute psycho-emotional stress and a possible role of these changes in age-related alterations of oxygen blood transport in nonhuman primates. Ten young (6-8 years) and ten old (20-26 years) healthy female rhesus monkeys were subjected to acute moderate psychoemotional stress (two hours squeeze cage restraint) at 1500h. Plasma cortisol, lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, gluthatione reductase (GR), and gluthatione-Stransferase in erythrocytes were measured before stress and at 30, 60, 120, 240 min and 24 hours after beginning of the stress. We have found for the first time that SOD activity decreased in response to the stress in young monkeys while it increased in the half of old monkeys. Young animals also demonstrated essentially higher increase in GR activity and plasma cortisol level in response to the restraint in comparison with old monkeys. Level of TBARS did not practically change in response to the stress in young animals and significantly increased in old monkeys. The study demonstrated that the age-related alterations in SOD and GR stress responsiveness lead to activation of peroxide oxidation of lipids that may be considered as an important factor of aging damage of erythrocyte functioning and reliability of oxygen transport to tissues under stress conditions.

Age-Specific and Individual Features of Vasopressinergic Regulation of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal System in Primates

“…However, two females exhibited excessively anxious behavior, associated with high motor activity during preparation to blood collection, which did not cease by the end of the adaptation period and persisted over the entire experiment. The criteria by which the animals were referred to standard and depressive psychophysiological types were determined previously [1,6,8]. Hormonal parameters of animals with depression-like behavior and with excessive anxiety were similar and hence, we united them in groups with anxious and depressive behavior (ADB).…”

“…The degree of these age-specifi c differences sometimes varies. Previously we have detected a relationship between the age-specifi c changes in HPAS work, including its reaction to an acute stress, and the psychophysiological types of animals [1,6,8]. It is therefore just natural to expect that the appurtenance to a certain psychophysiological type largely determine the degree of age-specifi c differences in…”

Redox Processes in Neurodegenerative Disease Involving Reactive Oxygen Species

“…Methodological approaches are discussed that are being used to determine a causal relationship between OS and emotional stress. An investigation was made of age-related changes in reaction of erythrocyte AO enzyme systems in response to acute psycho-emotional stress, and a possible role of these changes in age-related alterations [166]. These alterations in SOD and GSH reductase responsiveness led to activation of peroxide oxidation of lipids that may be a factor in aging damage under stress conditions.…”

Age-Related Changes of Reliability of Antioxidant Enzyme Defense Are Associated With Adaptive Behavior of Primates

“…Увеличенный уровень оксидативного стресса был описан у субъектов с клинической депрессией [20][21][22]. Недавние экспериментальные исследо-вания на мелких лабораторных животных показа-ли, что социальная фобия, депрессия, беспокой-ство и другие нервнопсихические расстройства также ассоциированы с повышенной генерацией активных форм кислорода и нарушениями в анти-оксидантной способности [23][24][25].…”

“…В частности, можно было предположить наличие максимальных возрастных нарушений в активности АФС и уровне оксидативного стресса у индивидов с депрессивным поведением. Действи-тельно, повышенный уровень оксидативного стресса был описан у субъектов с клинической де-прессией [20][21][22] и у мелких лабораторных живот-ных с депрессивноподобным поведением [23][24][25]. Однако в литературе отсутствовали сведения об особенностях возрастных изменений активности АФС и интенсивности свободнорадикальных про-цессов у индивидов с депрессивным поведением.…”