Streptomyces colonosanans sp. nov., A Novel Actinobacterium Isolated from Malaysia Mangrove Soil Exhibiting Antioxidative Activity and Cytotoxic Potential against Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Streptomyces colonosanans MUSC 93JT, a novel strain isolated from mangrove forest soil located at Sarawak, Malaysia. The bacterium was noted to be Gram-positive and to form light yellow aerial and vivid yellow substrate mycelium on ISP 2 agar. The polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomy of strain MUSC 93JT and the strain showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the members of the genus Streptomyces. Phylogenetic and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that closely related strains include Streptomyces malachitofuscus NBRC 13059T (99.2% sequence similarity), Streptomyces misionensis NBRC 13063T (99.1%), and Streptomyces phaeoluteichromatogenes NRRL 5799T (99.1%). The DNA–DNA relatedness values between MUSC 93JT and closely related type strains ranged from 14.4 ± 0.1 to 46.2 ± 0.4%. The comparison of BOX-PCR fingerprints indicated MUSC 93JT exhibits a unique DNA profile. The genome of MUSC 93JT consists of 7,015,076 bp. The DNA G + C content was determined to be 69.90 mol%. The extract of strain MUSC 93JT was demonstrated to exhibit potent antioxidant activity via ABTS, metal chelating, and SOD assays. This extract also exhibited anticancer activity against human colon cancer cell lines without significant cytotoxic effect against human normal colon cells. Furthermore, the chemical analysis of the extract further emphasizes the strain is producing chemo-preventive related metabolites. Based on this polyphasic study of MUSC 93JT, it is concluded that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces colonosanans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MUSC 93JT (= DSM 102042T = MCCC 1K02298T).

Investigating the antioxidant potential of Streptomyces sp. MUSC 11 from mangrove soil in Malaysia

“…From their study, it was shown that methanolic extracts from 3 bacterial species contained a number of pyrrolopyrazines and either one of these extracts were effective against batteries of pathogenic bacteria, cancer cell lines and neuroprotection models [108] . Given that past studies have highlighted the presence of compound (6) in microbial extract with antioxidant potentials [40,48,100] , further points to its likely role in inducing antioxidant effect.…”

“…It has been suggested that understudied ecosystem hold Streptomyces species which can meet the growing demand of drug discovery and development industry [77] . Researchers who made an effort to study Streptomyces from less explored ecosystems such as mangrove forest were able to discover novel Streptomyces species and Streptomyces strains showing potent antioxidant activities [40,42,66,68,78,79] . dards for potential match.…”

“…Much of the mangrove region in Malaysia are yet to be investigated for potential Streptomyces with biologically active compounds. Several published works have found that mangrove soil in Malaysia contain rare Streptomyces with wide spectrum of biological activities [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] . In this view, the present work sampled mangrove soil in Malaysia and further isolated and studied Streptomyces sp.…”

The Bioprospecting of Anti-Vibrio Streptomyces species: Prevalence and Applications

“…There were significant lower number of studies reported Streptomyces with anti-Vibrio activity from the terrestrial environments as compared to the much higher number of studies on the marine Streptomyces. The higher isolation rate of Streptomyces strains from marine environment could be due to the recent interest of researchers toward the marine natural products discovery as many novel bacteria genus and species with production of novel compounds have been identified from the marine environment [179][180][181] . In another context, these phenomena seem to imply that the resources which can be accessed easily had been exhausted as extensive studies on the terrestrial soil derived microorganisms were observed over the years.…”

Taxonomic and Characterization Methods of Streptomyces: A Review

“…The genus Streptomyces within the order Actinomycetales has spectacular diversity in morphology, genomic size, genomic G+C content, and amount of coding sequences. Streptomyces bacteria are noted by their large and linearized chromosomes with approximately 8.5-12 Mb in size and high GC content of about 67-78% [3,9,13] . The large genome of Streptomyces could account for their ability to produce many secondary metabolites [14] .…”