Streptomonospora litoralis sp. nov., a halophilic thiopeptides producer isolated from sand collected at Cuxhaven beach

Abstract

Strain M2T was isolated from the beach of Cuxhaven, Wadden Sea, Germany, in course of a program to attain new producers of bioactive natural products. Strain M2T produces litoralimycin and sulfomycin-type thiopeptides. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a potential biosynthetic gene cluster encoding for the M2T thiopeptides. The strain is Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, non-motile, spore forming, showing a yellow colony color and forms extensively branched substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae. Inferred from the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny strain M2T affiliates with the genus Streptomonospora. It shows 96.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type species Streptomonospora salina DSM 44593 T and forms a distinct branch with Streptomonospora sediminis DSM 45723 T with 97.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that M2T is closely related to Streptomonospora alba YIM 90003 T with a digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) value of 26.6%. The predominant menaquinones of M2T are MK-10(H6), MK-10(H8), and MK-11(H6) (> 10%). Major cellular fatty acids are iso-C16:0, anteiso C17:0 and C18:0 10-methyl. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, three glycolipids, two unknown phospholipids, and two unknown lipids. The genome size of type strain M2T is 5,878,427 bp with 72.1 mol % G + C content. Based on the results obtained from phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic studies, strain M2T (= DSM 106425 T = NCCB 100650 T) is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Streptomonospora for which the name Streptomonospora litoralis sp. nov. is proposed.

Exploring the Antibiotic Production Potential of Heterotrophic Bacterial Communities Isolated from the Marine Sponges Crateromorpha meyeri, Pseudaxinella reticulata, Farrea similaris, and Caulophacus arcticus through Synergistic Metabolomic and Genomic Analyses

“…The indicator strains used in the assay were Escherichia coli acrB JW25113, Staphylococcus aureus (Newman), Citrobacter freundii DSM 30039, Bacillus subtilis DSM 10, Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 700084, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, Mucor hiemalis DSM 2656, Pichia anomala DSM 6766, and Candida albicans DSM 1665. The strains were added to 20 mL of their respective growth media (MYC medium containing 1.0% phytone peptones, 1.0% glucose, and 50 mM Hepes at 11.9 g/L, with a pH of 7.0 for fungi and yeasts, and Mueller–Hinton broth medium containing 0.5% casein peptone, 0.1% meat extract, 0.5 % protease peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, with a pH of 7.0 for bacteria) [ 36 ]) and mixed well. Diluted cultures in a volume of 150 μL were transferred into each well of a 96-well plate (initial OD600 for the bacteria was 0.01, and for fungi and yeasts, it was 0.05).…”

Cytochromes P450 Associated with the Biosyntheses of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-translationally Modified Peptides

“…30 Besides, the BGCs of sulfomycins (34−36) and litoralimycins (37, 38) (Figure 4), another two 35-membered monocyclic thiopeptides, also encode P450 enzymes SulN and Lit1, of which the functions remain elusive. 34,35 Since the lit cluster also encodes sulfomycin precursor (Lit11), chances are that the P450 enzyme Lit1 Follow-up characterization reveals that the F 420 -dependent oxidoreductase SchZ reduces the dehydropiperidine (39) to piperidine ring (40), a phenomenon also found in the biosynthesis of thiopeptin, 37,38 after which the P450 SchY functions as a leader peptide independent monooxygenase to epoxidize the thiazole moiety adjacent to the nascent piperidine. The nitrogen atom in piperidine nucleophilically attacks the C4′ to open the epoxide and cleave the C−S bond to afford imidazopiperidine equipped with a mercapto group as well as an aldehyde group (42).…”

“…GenH, the P450 enzyme in geninthiocin BGC, is homologous to BerH with an identity of 83.00% and is most probably involved in Val7 hydroxylation . Besides, the BGCs of sulfomycins ( 34 – 36 ) and litoralimycins ( 37 , 38 ) (Figure ), another two 35-membered monocyclic thiopeptides, also encode P450 enzymes SulN and Lit1, of which the functions remain elusive. , Since the lit cluster also encodes sulfomycin precursor (Lit11), chances are that the P450 enzyme Lit1 participates in the biosyntheses of sulfomycins rather than litoralimycins.…”

Qipengyuania pacifica sp. nov., a Novel Carotenoid-Producing Marine Bacterium of the Family Erythrobacteraceae, Isolated from Sponge (Demospongiae), and Antimicrobial Potential of Its Crude Extract

“…The indicator strains used were Escherichia coli acrB JW25113, Staphylococcus aureus Newman, Citrobacter freundii DSM 30039, Candida albicans DSM 1665, Bacillus subtilis DSM 10, Escherichia coli wild type BW25113, Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 700084, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 19882, Mucor hiemalis DSM 2656, Pichia anomala DSM 6766, and Acinetobacter baumannii DSM 30008. The strains were added to 40 mL of their respective growth medium (Mueller-Hinton Broth medium containing 0.5% casein peptone, 0.5% protease peptone, 0.1% meat extract, 0.1% yeast extract, pH 7.0 for bacteria, MYC medium containing 1.0% glucose, 1.0% phytone peptones, and 50-mM HEPES 11.9 g/L, pH 7.0 for fungi and yeasts [34]) and mixed well. Diluted cultures in a volume of 150 µL were transferred into each well of a 96-well plate (initial OD 600 for the bacteria was 0.01; and for fungi and yeasts, 0.05).…”