Streptococcus vicugnae sp. nov., isolated from faeces of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and cattle (Bos taurus), Streptococcus zalophi sp. nov., and Streptococcus pacificus sp. nov., isolated from respiratory tract of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Abstract

Four novel independent strains of Streptococcus spp. were isolated from faeces of alpaca (SL1232T), cattle (KCJ4950), and from respiratory tract of wild California sea lions (CSL7508T, CSL7591T). The strains were indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci in short and long chains, facultative anaerobes. The 16S rRNA gene of SL1232T and KCJ4950 shared 99.40–99.60% nucleotide similarity to strains of S. equinus, S. lutetiensis, S. infantarius, and the 16S rRNA gene of CSL7508T and CSL7591T demonstrated 98.72 and 98.92% similarity, respectively, to S. marimammalium . All other known Streptococcus species had the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of ≤95%. The genomes were sequenced for the novel strains. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis for strains SL1232T and KCJ4950, showed the highest similarity to S. equinus, S. lutetiensis, and S. infantarius with 85.21, 87.17, 88.47, 85.54, 87.47 and 88.89%, respectively, and strains CSL7508T and CSL7591T to S. marimammalium with 87.16 and 83.97%, respectively. Results of ANI were confirmed by pairwise digital DNA–DNA hybridization and phylogeny, which also revealed that the strains belong to three novel species of the genus Streptococcus . Phenotypical features of the novel species were in congruence with closely related members of the genus Streptococcus and gave negative reactions with the tested Lancefield serological groups (A-D, F and G). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry supported identification of the species. Based on these data, we propose three novel species of the genus Streptococcus , for which the name Streptococcus vicugnae sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain SL1232T (=NCTC 14341T=DSM 110741T=CCUG 74371T), Streptococcus zalophi sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain CSL7508T (=NCTC 14410T=DSM 110742T=CCUG 74374T) and Streptococcus pacificus sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain CSL7591T (=NCTC 14455T=DSM 111148T=CCUG 74655T). The genome G+C content is 36.89, 34.85, and 35.34 % and draft genome sizes are 1906993, 1581094 and 1656080 bp for strains SL1232T, CSL7508T, and CSL7591T, respectively.

Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)

“…The high level of nucleotide identity (≥99 %) for the 16S rRNA gene sequences between closely related species of the genus Streptococcus and the genus Staphylococcus is not an unusual observation and has been previously reported for many species, e.g. between S. penaeicida and S. bovimastitidis [20], S. rubneri and S. australis [21], among S. vicugnae, S. equinus, S. lutetiensis and S. infantarius [22], among St. agnetis, St. hyicus and St. chromogenes [23], St. rostri and St. microti [24], and among St . pseudoxylosus, St. xylosus, St. saprophyticus, St. edaphicus and St. caeli [25].…”

“…The characterization of a few strains per each novel species is highly desirable to detect phenotypic variations, but not mandatory for describing novel bacterial species. We believe that the description of novel species in the genera Streptococcus and Staphylococcus based only on a type strain per each species could be sufficient in a case when the novel species is found to be genetically unique in comparison to other validly published species [22], which is clearly demonstrated in this study. In the genomic era [36], the genetics and genome phylogeny should determine taxonomy and the description of novel taxa [12, 65].…”

“…The phenotypic characteristics of strains SQ9-PEA T , SQ8-PEA T and GRT3 T were determined using conventional laboratory methods (e.g. tests for indole and Voges-Proskauer) and rapid commercial systems, including API STREP, API ID 32 STAPH and API ZYM strips (all from bioMérieux), which are commonly used for phenotypic characterization of species of the genera Streptococcus and Staphylococcus [22][23][24]50]. Biochemical testing using commercial systems was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

“…Strains SQ8-PEA T and GRT3 T were found to be resistant and susceptible to novobiocin, respectively. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization -time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has demonstrated to be a suitable tool to differentiate members of the genera Staphylococcus and Streptococcus [22,54,55]. MALDI-TOF mass spectra were recorded with a MALDI Biotyper Sirius system mass spectrometer (Bruker Biotyper, Bruker Daltonics) in the mass range from 2000 to 20 000 Daltons, using the standard mode, according to the manufacturer.…”

Notification List of Bacterial Strains Made Available by the United Kingdom National Collection of Type Cultures in 2021

“…The NCTC 14201 Ideonella sakaiensis type strain was isolated originally from a microbial consortium obtained from a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET; a humanmade plastic) bottle recycling site in Sakai, Japan, and can degrade and utilize PET as a carbon source ( 11 ). NCTC 14293 Varibaculum cambriense is also the type strain of its species, and its addition to the NCTC fortifies the variety of clinically relevant anaerobic species held by the collection ( 12 ). NCTC 14582 Escherichia coli is an additional strain of K-12 added to the NCTC, with the precedently held K-12 strain being NCTC 10538 Escherichia coli .…”