Streptococcus thermophilus Attenuates Inflammation in Septic Mice Mediated by Gut Microbiota

Abstract

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and lack of effective treatment method. Supplementation of probiotics has emerged as a potential biotherapy for inflammatory diseases in recent years, but its role in protecting viscera against the damage caused by sepsis and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Streptococcus thermophilus 19 is one of the most well-studied probiotics, which is selected in this study among seven strains isolated from homemade yogurt due to its optimal ability of suppressing the inflammation response in vitro. It showed significant decrease in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the co-culture of S. thermophilus 19 and LPS-treated mouse macrophage. The effect of S. thermophilus 19 in mice and the response of mice gut microbiota were subsequently investigated. In LPS-induced septic mouse model, S. thermophilus 19 was highly resistant to LPS and exhibited significantly decreased expressions of inflammatory factors compared to LPS-treated mice. A MiSeq-based 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the decrease of gut microbial diversity in mice intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/ml LPS were mitigated by the administration of S. thermophilus 19. Fusobacterium significantly decreased during the development of sepsis and rose again after supplement strain 19, while Flavonifractor showed the opposite trend, which demonstrated these two genera were the key bacteria that may function in the mice gut microbiota for alleviation of LPS-induced inflammation reaction. To conclude, S. thermophilus 19 may be a potential candidate for novel biotherapeutic interventions against inflammation caused by sepsis.

Targeted gut microbiota manipulation attenuates seizures in a model of infantile spasms syndrome

“…Examination of the fecal microbiota showed increases in S. thermophilus and L. lactis with antibiotic administration, with a corresponding reduction in spasms. These microbes are also known to exert psychotropic effects by regulating brain activity and reducing inflammation (28,29). Likewise, maternal exposure of L. lactis reduced anxiety-like behavior and improved the development of cortical architecture in mice, which may be involved in immunological regulation by the microbe (30).…”

“…lactis with antibiotic administration, with a corresponding reduction in spasms. These microbes are also known to exert psychotropic effects by regulating brain activity and reducing inflammation ( 28 , 29 ). Likewise, maternal exposure of L .…”

A High Fraction of Oral Bacteria in the Feces Indicates Gut Microbiota Depletion with Implications for Human Health

“…As in a previous study 29 , we recovered Streptococcus thermophilus from fecal metagenomic samples of adult allo-HCT recipients. S. thermophilus is generally not considered as a pathogen and is a commercially available probiotic that has been reported to attenuate inflammation 41 . Our findings do not formally exclude the possibility that translocated oral bacteria may exert pathologic effects in the intestine, even when present at low absolute levels.…”

Survival and Interplay of γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Producing Psychobiotic Candidates with the Gut Microbiota in a Continuous Model of the Human Colon

“…In addition, the administration of Lactobacillus cocktails has been reported to increase microbiota diversity post-antibiotic treatment [ 44 , 45 ]. Additionally, it has been reported that LPS-induced decreases in gut microbiota diversity in a mouse model was restored by a single strain of S. thermophilus [ 46 ]. Combining two Lactobacillus strains and S. thermophilus also improved the microbiota diversity in neonatal piglets [ 47 ].…”