Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 Promotes Recovery in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Abstract

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is the most common side effect of antibiotics and is routinely treated with probiotics in clinical. Streptococcus thermophiles, extensively utilized for producing dairy foods, has recently been regarded as a new promising probiotic candidate. In this study, the efficacy of Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 (DMST-H2) for AAD treatment in mice was investigated. DMST-H2 was isolated from Chinese traditional yogurt, proved to be non-toxic, and presented tolerance against simulated gastrointestinal conditions in vitro. Additionally, genomic analysis revealed that it possessed genes related to acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, adhesion, oxidative stress and bacteriocin production. The animal experiment results showed that both DMST-H2 treatment and natural recovery could reduce fecal water content. Compared with spontaneous recovery, DMST-H2 accelerated the recovery of the enlarged caecum and intestinal barrier injury from AAD, and further decreased endotoxin (ET), D-lactate (D-LA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) content in serum. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) were reduced, while interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) increased after treating with DMST-H2. Furthermore, DMST-H2 better restored the structure of intestinal flora. At the phylum level, Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria decreased. These findings indicate that DMST-H2 could promote recovery in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 improves antibiotic-related diarrhea by alleviating inflammation, enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulating intestinal flora

“…39 Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 relieved inflammation by reducing TNF-α, increasing IL-10 and IFN-γ. 40 In addition, some probiotics have been demonstrated to be effective in activating anti-inflammatory mechanisms and accommodating mucosal immune responses. 41 For example, L. casei DN-114001 restrains the NF-κB signal transduction pathway and ultimately reduces the pathogenic activation of the pro-inflammatory signal transduction cascade.…”

The combination of living Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus improves social ranking and relieves anxiety‐like behaviors in competitive mice in a social dominance tube test

“…Additionally, Lactobacillus strains reduced the level of TNF‐α in an LPS‐stimulated mouse model (Reyes‐Díaz et al., 2018). Streptococcus thermophiles is a new promising probiotic candidate that promotes the recovery in mice with antibiotic‐associated diarrhea and reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α) (Hu et al., 2020). These results confirm that anti‐inflammatory effect of CLB is due to a reduction in the level of TNF‐α.…”

Regulatory Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 2-33 on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice With Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

“…The inflammatory response of the body is usually caused by the imbalance of cytokines ( 32 ), among which interleukin (IL) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) play an important role in the immune system as communication factors between immune cells, which can reflect the inflammatory status of the host ( 33 ). Studies have shown that AAD is always accompanied by systemic inflammation, showing an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines ( 34 ). In the model group of this study, the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 decreased significantly, whereas the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ increased significantly ( p < 0.05), which finally led to the increase of inflammatory cytokines in AAD mice, further demonstrating the successful establishment of AAD mice model.…”

“…Because the intestinal flora is considered to be an organ that helps to regulate the metabolism of the host, the change of intestinal flora leads to the change of metabolic pathway, and the most obvious one is that the amino acid metabolism will obviously increase in AAD mice ( 34 ). Moreover, amino acid can enhance cell metabolism, increase the synthesis of protein by regulating protein translation, and increase the content of mitochondria in skeletal muscle and adipocytes, which is essential to maintain normal physiological internal environment balance ( 56 ).…”