Streptococcus suis is a lethal pathogen in snakeskin gourami, Trichopodus pectoralis

Dinh-Hung, Nguyen; Dong, Ha Thanh; Taengphu, Suwimon; Soontara, Chayanit; Rodkhum, Channarong; Senapin, Saengchan; Chatchaiphan, Satid

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739173

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…To the best of our knowledge, no report or direct evidence exists of the virulence and pathogenicity of S. agalactiae in snakeskin gourami. A recent study showed that S. suis can lead to high mortality and death in naturally infected and experimentally challenged snakeskin gourami [1]. Our results provide the frst comprehensive epidemiological study that S. agalactiae is pathogenic and causes high mortality in farmed snakeskin gourami.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) is one of the most important freshwater fsh commonly cultured in Southeast Asia, including Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Tailand [1][2][3][4]. Snakeskin gourami can tolerate a wide range of farming conditions as they have a special breathing organ, the labyrinth, which allows them to exchange oxygen in low oxygen cultivation conditions [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Te growing demand for this fsh and the expansion of intensive farming practices have led to sporadic outbreaks of infectious diseases, including bacterial infections [7][8][9][10][11]. Among these bacterial diseases, Streptococcus infection has been shown to cause high fsh morbidity and extensive economic losses, which are afecting snakeskin gourami farmers [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study reported S. suis infection in snakeskin gourami, which is a common Streptococcus spp. that infects swine and other species [1]. Notwithstanding, there have been no reports of other Streptococcus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype VII, an Emerging Pathogen Affecting Snakeskin Gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) in Intensive Farming

Pulpipat

Boonyawiwat

Moonjit

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) is a freshwater fish species that is being increasingly cultivated in Southeast Asia. The expansion of farms and intensive farming practices has led to the unexplained mortality of snakeskin gourami and tremendous economic losses in many farms. We investigated the unusual mortality of snakeskin gourami at 22 farms in Central Thailand. The moribund fish showed darkened skin, erratic swimming, exophthalmos, and haemorrhaging around the eyeballs, with cumulative mortality between 20% and 45%. Our necropsy findings revealed an enlarged liver and anterior kidney, splenomegaly, haemorrhage in most internal organs, pericarditis, and brain congestion. Histopathology revealed haemorrhaging and congestion of the blood vessels in the liver with infiltration of lymphocytes, enlarged blood vessels with mononuclear and lymphocyte infiltration in the meninges, and cerebral parenchyma were observed. Severe necrotising and suppurative pericarditis with myocardial infarction were found. Epidemiological studies and laboratory diagnosis revealed that Streptococcus agalactiae was predominantly isolated from the moribund fish. Laboratory investigations of the representative 33 isolates of S. agalactiae using mass spectrometry, multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay, pulse-gel electrophoresis, and serotyping suggested that all the isolates were S. agalactiae serotype VII, which is different from the serotype III isolated from diseased tilapia in Thailand. An experimental challenge using three representative isolates of S. agalactiae on snakeskin gourami caused clinical signs, gross lesions, and pathological changes, with high mortality exceeding 60%, which is similar to the mortality in most natural infections. Moreover, S. agalactiae was recovered from the spleen, kidneys, and liver of all the challenged fish. Taken together, this study provides important information that S. agalactiae serotype VII is virulent in snakeskin gourami and can potentially spread among these fish in fish farms. Appropriate preventive measures and the control of animal movements should thus be implemented.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype VII, an Emerging Pathogen Affecting Snakeskin Gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) in Intensive Farming

Pulpipat

Boonyawiwat

Moonjit

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…The disease is characterized by clinical signs such as exophthalmic eyes, erratic swimming, haemorrhages on the gills, loss of appetite and lethargy (Mishra et al, 2018). Several species of Streptococcus are responsible for causing streptococcosis in fish, including Streptococcus iniae (Agnew & Barnes, 2007), Streptococcus agalactiae (Liu et al, 2016), Streptococcus parauberis (Oguro et al, 2014; Park et al, 2009), Streptococcus phocae (Gibello et al, 2005), Streptococcus uberis (Luo et al, 2017), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (Maekawa et al, 2020) and Streptococcus suis (Dinh‐Hung et al, 2023). Although S. agalactiae has been extensively researched and reported, other Streptococcus species also negatively impact the economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the diagnosis of Streptococcus iniae using a novel probe‐based qPCR assay combined with an enrichment step

Phasunon,

Taengphu,

Panphut

et al. 2023

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Streptococcus iniae is a bacterial pathogen that causes streptococcosis, leading to significant losses in fish aquaculture globally. This study reported a newly developed probe‐based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method for the detection of S. iniae. The primers and probes were designed to target the lactate oxidase gene. The optimized method demonstrated a detection limit of 20 copies per reaction and was specific to S. iniae, as evidenced by no cross‐reactivity when assayed against genetic materials extracted from 23 known aquatic animal pathogens, and fish samples infected with Streptococcus agalactiae or Streptococcus dysgalactiae. To validate the newly developed qPCR protocol with field samples, fish specimens were systematically investigated following the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia‐Pacific three diagnostic levels approach, which integrated basic and advanced techniques for disease diagnosis, including observation of gross signs (level I), bacterial isolation (level II), qPCR and 16S rDNA sequencing (level III). The result showed that 7/7 affected farms (three Asian seabass farms and four tilapia farms) experiencing clinical signs of streptococcosis were diagnosed positive for S. iniae. qPCR assays using DNA extracted directly from fish tissue detected S. iniae in 11 out of 36 fish samples (30.6%), while 24 out of 36 samples (66.7%) tested positive after an enrichment step, including apparently healthy fish from affected farms. Bacterial isolation of S. iniae was only successful in a proportion of clinically diseased fish but not in healthy‐looking fish from the same farm. Overall, the newly developed qPCR protocol combined with enrichment would be a useful tool for the diagnosis and surveillance of S. iniae infections in fish populations, thereby aiding in the disease control and prevention.

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Unravelling the genomic secrets of bacterial fish pathogens: a roadmap to aquaculture sustainability

Olymon,

Yadav,

Teronpi

et al. 2024

Mol Biol Rep

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Streptococcus suis is a lethal pathogen in snakeskin gourami, Trichopodus pectoralis

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype VII, an Emerging Pathogen Affecting Snakeskin Gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) in Intensive Farming

Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype VII, an Emerging Pathogen Affecting Snakeskin Gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) in Intensive Farming

Improving the diagnosis of Streptococcus iniae using a novel probe‐based qPCR assay combined with an enrichment step

Unravelling the genomic secrets of bacterial fish pathogens: a roadmap to aquaculture sustainability

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