Streptococcus pyogenes Infection in a Free-Living European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus)

Franklinos, Lydia H. V.; Efstratiou, Androulla; Macgregor, Shaheed K.; John, Shinto K.; Hopkins, Timothy C.; Cunningham, Andrew A.; Lawson, Becki

doi:10.1007/s10393-015-1051-2

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Where possible, PMEs were performed on fresh carcases, but frozen carcases that had been archived at −20 °C were also examined. Systematic examination of external and internal body systems was performed using a standardised protocol, followed by microbiological, parasitological and histological investigations where indicated by macroscopic findings and when permitted by the state of carcase preservation [24]. The contents of the distal large intestinal tract were sampled to most closely reflect freshly voided faeces, as the latter had contained the highest EriCoV viral titre in a previous study [3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of the known distribution of a novel clade C betacoronavirus in a wildlife host

et al. 2019

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Disease surveillance in wildlife populations presents a logistical challenge, yet is critical in gaining a deeper understanding of the presence and impact of wildlife pathogens. Erinaceus coronavirus (EriCoV), a clade C Betacoronavirus, was first described in Western European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Germany. Here, our objective was to determine whether EriCoV is present, and if it is associated with disease, in Great Britain (GB). An EriCoV-specific BRYT-Green® real-time reverse transcription PCR assay was used to test 351 samples of faeces or distal large intestinal tract contents collected from casualty or dead hedgehogs from a wide area across GB. Viral RNA was detected in 10.8% (38) samples; however, the virus was not detected in any of the 61 samples tested from Scotland. The full genome sequence of the British EriCoV strain was determined using next generation sequencing; it shared 94% identity with a German EriCoV sequence. Multivariate statistical models using hedgehog case history data, faecal specimen descriptions and post-mortem examination findings found no significant associations indicative of disease associated with EriCoV in hedgehogs. These findings indicate that the Western European hedgehog is a reservoir host of EriCoV in the absence of apparent disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of the known distribution of a novel clade C betacoronavirus in a wildlife host

et al. 2019

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“…Post-mortem examinations were performed on submitted hedgehog carcasses following a standardised protocol to ensure systematic inspection of all organ systems, as described by Franklinos et al . 10 . Each carcass was either examined upon arrival or was frozen at −20 °C pending examination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and characterisation of multiple herpesviruses in free-living Western European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)

Hydeskov

Dastjerdi

Hopkins

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Sporadic cases of herpesvirus-associated disease have been reported in the Western European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), but there has been little surveillance for, nor any sequence characterisation of, herpesviruses in this species to date. A nested pan-herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a region of the DNA polymerase gene was used to test 129 Western European hedgehogs from across Great Britain, 2011–2016; 59 (46%) of which were PCR-positive. In addition, samples from two previously published cases of fatal herpesvirus infection in E. europaeus, from Sweden and Switzerland, were positive using this PCR. No statistically significant relationship was detected between PCR result and sex, age class, year or season for the British hedgehogs tested. In most PCR-positive animals (19/22) from which liver and brain were tested separately, both were PCR-positive. Sanger sequencing of amplicons from 59 British hedgehogs revealed at least two novel viruses within the Gammaherpesvirinae. Thirteen of these hedgehogs had liver and brain tissues screened for microscopic abnormalities, of which one had non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, but neither intranuclear inclusion bodies nor herpesvirus virions (on electron microscopical examination) were identified. Sequencing of the whole DNA polymerase gene confirmed two genetically different Human alphaherpesvirus 1 viruses in the Swedish and Swiss hedgehogs.

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“…As host diversity decreases along gradients of urbanization, many pathogens are lost, but some (notably those in the hosts that remain in low diversity communities) can increase as a result of increased host abundance (termed the dilution effect) 30, 49. Reverse zoonotic transmission (zooanthroponosis) from humans to wildlife can also pose a threat to wildlife populations with increased exposure to humans 50, 51. The epidemiological effects of urbanization can therefore have important implications for both wildlife conservation and public health, with marginal wildlife species being susceptible to infection with pathogens circulating in urban-adapted hosts, and the potential for increased circulation of certain zoonotic pathogens in competent synanthropic reservoir hosts.…”

Section: Influence Of Urbanization On Pathogen Dynamics Within Multihmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and Disease Emergence: Dynamics at the Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interface

Hassell

Begon

Ward

et al. 2017

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

485

450

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Urbanization is characterized by rapid intensification of agriculture, socioeconomic change, and ecological fragmentation, which can have profound impacts on the epidemiology of infectious disease. Here, we review current scientific evidence for the drivers and epidemiology of emerging wildlife-borne zoonoses in urban landscapes, where anthropogenic pressures can create diverse wildlife–livestock–human interfaces. We argue that these interfaces represent a critical point for cross-species transmission and emergence of pathogens into new host populations, and thus understanding their form and function is necessary to identify suitable interventions to mitigate the risk of disease emergence. To achieve this, interfaces must be studied as complex, multihost communities whose structure and form are dictated by both ecological and anthropological factors.

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Streptococcus pyogenes Infection in a Free-Living European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus)

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Extension of the known distribution of a novel clade C betacoronavirus in a wildlife host

Extension of the known distribution of a novel clade C betacoronavirus in a wildlife host

Detection and characterisation of multiple herpesviruses in free-living Western European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)

Urbanization and Disease Emergence: Dynamics at the Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interface

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