Streptococci in the Blood in Rheumatic Fever, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Diseases

Lichtman, S. S.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1932.00150130201015

Cited by 25 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although no systematic studies were carried out, the casual impression was that the high viriUence of the strejitococcus strain employed^vas not necessarily respcjnsible for production of actixe filtrates, inasmuch as fdtrates oi the same organism at the time when its virtdence xvas considerably reduced also yielded active princij^les. (Lichtman and Gross, 1932 Apitz (h).^^^/^'ii^d Wadsworth and Sickles (1933) confirmed my hndings that the streptococctis cidtine hltrates contain reacting factors which can be best demonstrated in rabbits prepared by potent heterologous filtrates.…”

Section: Man 1931^) •mentioning

confidence: 80%

Phenomenon of Local Tissue Reactivity and Its Immunological, Pathological and Clinical Significance

Shwartzman¹

1938

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

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Rosenaii, and others, it has been generally acknowledged that the discovery ot antigenic and solidjle exotoxins^vas one ot the most triiittul and imjiortant contriijutions to innnnnology and medicine. The ideas stimidated jjy this^vork brought about elucidation ot inninnerable problems in j^athology and clinical medicine and ga\e important residts in specitic treatment and prexention ot certain intectious and contagious diseases. Ever since 1892, numerous in\estigators attempted to develop antitoxic sera tor almost exery known bacterial infectious disease. It xvas, hoxvever, soon learned that the possibility of producing antitoxins was limited only to a small gTOup of diseases because the method of demonstration of toxins failed xvith a large percentage of microorganisms tested. The investigations xvere then side-tracked by the theories of endotoxins. These theories apparently handicapped the original and finidamental progress for many years to come. Ever since the demonstration ot the phenomenon of bacteriolysis by PfeifTer and his formulation of the endotoxin theory, investigators used amazing ingenuity in the development of methods for cell destruction. However, the split products and the laboratory artefacts thus obtained coidd not be reasonably considered as responsible agents in e\olution of infectious diseases because of complete lack of specific pathological effect upon experimental animals. The opposing viexvs have been steadily gaining groinid that some unknoxvn agents as yet may be responsible for systemic intoxications in intectious diseases. For some years I employed various experiments in order to determine whether meningococcus, B. tyjjhosus and other microorganisms produced sid)stances similar to soluble exotoxins. As a working hypothesis, I assumed that the microorganisms in \vhich the demonstration of exotoxins Avas hitherto impossible may produce injuries in animal tissues through a mechanism altogether different from the direct injurious effect exerted by diphtheria, botulinus, tetanus, and other true exotoxins. \Vith this idea in CONTENTS Preface "^ii Acknowledgments ix FoRE^voRD xi Translation of the Foreword xiii Llst of Illustrations xxv Chapter I 17 6. Skin of back of rabbit following intradermal injections of meningococcus active principles and, twenty-four hours later, intravenous injection of same principles 18 7. Phenomenon of local skin reactivity to meningococcus filtrate in rabbit ear 20 8. Section from ear following same treatment as in Figure 7 21 9. Section from area 3 cm. away from site of reaction 21 10. Neutralization of meningococcus active principles by antimeningococcus neutralizing serum 99 XXV XXVI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 11. Section ol^kiii iiiulcr low and liii^li p()vver magnification showing fully developed phenomenon three and one-halt houis after intravenous injection of reacting factors iGS 12. A, Settic:)n of skin site after prej^aration with B. lypJiosus filtrate almost completely neutralized by homologous antitoxic horse serum, followed by intravenous injection of...

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Section: Man 1931^) •mentioning

confidence: 80%

Phenomenon of Local Tissue Reactivity and Its Immunological, Pathological and Clinical Significance

Shwartzman¹

1938

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

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“…The reason then that the viridans streptococci are so often associated with bacterial endocarditis may be due entirely to the fact that these organisms are so widely prevalent in the mouth. The ease with which they can invade the blood stream has been amply demonstrated by several investigators (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). A presumptive causal relationship between the teeth as a precedent focus of infection and subacute bacterial endocarditis has gained emphasis in recent years (13,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Serological Classification of Viridans Streptococci With Special Reference to Those Isolated From Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Solowey

1942

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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A total of 108 strains of viridans streptococci from subacute bacterial endocarditis, and 99 strains from human throats and extracted teeth have been studied, and approximately two-thirds of all the strains so far have been differentiated into a number of serological groups. The similarity between strains from these sources is evident from the fact that approximately 50 per cent of the reacting strains from each source fall into two groups I and II, and that three groups I, II, and IV, contain streptococci from both sources in approximately the same distribution. Fifteen vaginal strains of viridians streptococci failed, with the exception of one strain, to react with groups I–IV of the endocarditis serums. More than three-fourths of the strains from both sources were Streptococcus salivarius as determined by Sherman's criteria. However, no correlation between the biochemical and serological classification could be made. It may be concluded that the viridans streptococci are amenable to classification by serological methods. The results so far obtained do not indicate a serological difference between strains of viridans streptococci isolated from subacute bacterial endocarditis, and those isolated from human throats and extracted teeth. The greater definitive value of serological methods in the identification of a particular strain is indicated.

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A Comparative Study of Blood Cultures Taken With Kendall and Routine Mediums

Friedberg¹

1933

Arch Intern Med

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Streptococci in the Blood in Rheumatic Fever, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Diseases

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Phenomenon of Local Tissue Reactivity and Its Immunological, Pathological and Clinical Significance

Phenomenon of Local Tissue Reactivity and Its Immunological, Pathological and Clinical Significance

A Serological Classification of Viridans Streptococci With Special Reference to Those Isolated From Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

A Comparative Study of Blood Cultures Taken With Kendall and Routine Mediums

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