Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Complicating Preseptal Cellulitis

Meyer, Marcus A.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71138-9

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, the local oedema and the enzymes released by the growing β-haemolytic Streptococcus species impair the blood supply of the eyelid, and so gangrene can develop 2. Previously, group-A β-haemolytic Streptococcus caused PSC after minor trauma and resultant eyelid necrosis, and multisystem failure in some patients leading to shock has been reported 38 – 40. Although debatable, one may consider necrotising fasciitis of the eyelid as an AOC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inpatient preseptal cellulitis: experience from a tertiary eye care centre

Chaudhry

Shamsi

Elzaridi

et al. 2008

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inpatient preseptal cellulitis: experience from a tertiary eye care centre

Chaudhry

Shamsi

Elzaridi

et al. 2008

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…These complications can occur in the absence of antecedent health problems or history of trauma 73233. The virulence of this organism is related to the production of M proteins and exotoxins A and B 34. These proteins act as super-antigens in vitro and mediate tissue necrosis by causing massive release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factors and interleukins.…”

Section: Bacteriology Of Orbital Abscessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hot orbit: Orbital cellulitis

Chaudhry

Al-Rashed

Arat

2012

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol

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Orbital cellulitis is an uncommon condition previously associated with severe complications. If untreated, orbital cellulitis can be potentially sight and life threatening. It can affect both adults and children but has a greater tendency to occur in the pediatric age group. The infection most commonly originates from sinuses, eyelids or face, retained foreign bodies, or distant soources by hematogenous spread. It is characterized by eyelid edema, erythema, chemosis, proptosis, blurred vision, fever, headache, and double vision. A history of upper respiratory tract infection prior to the onset is very common especially in children. In the era prior to antibiotics, vision loss from orbital cellulitis was a dreaded complication. Currently, imaging studies for detection of orbital abcess, the use of antibiotics and early drainage have mitigated visual morbidity significantly. The purpose of this review is to describe current investigative strategies and management options in the treatment of orbital cellulitis, establish their effectiveness and possible complications due to late intervention.

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“…STSS is associated with a soft tissue infection such as necrotizing fasciitis, myonecrosis, or cellulitis in about 50% of cases [1,2]. It has, however, followed a variety of other streptococcal infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, sinusitis, endophthalmitis, pancreatitis, peritonitis, puerperal sepsis, septic arthritis, pharyngitis, and retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis [2][3][4][5][6][7]. In as many as 20% of patients, no site of infection is apparent at the time of presentation [3,8•].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic approaches to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

Baracco

Bisno

1999

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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The streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a severe, life-threatening condition characterized by hypotension and multiorgan system dysfunction associated with infection by the group A Streptococcus (GAS) or rarely by streptococci of other Lancefield serogroups. It is associated with a soft tissue infection, such as necrotizing fasciitis, in about half of the cases; the remainder are secondary to a variety of other invasive and noninvasive GAS infections. Although the pathophysiology of STSS is not yet fully understood, there are compelling reasons to believe that the syndrome results at least in part from the action of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins, which act as superantigens. Patients with STSS should be admitted to an intensive care unit for support of cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal function as required. In experimental models of overwhelming GAS infection, clindamycin has greater efficacy than penicillin, and therapy with this agent is recommended. Penicillin, to which GAS are uniformly susceptible, may be used in addition to clindamycin. Limited clinical experience, most of which is anecdotal, suggests marked improvement in some STSS patients after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin. Even in the absence of conclusive data, the potential benefits of intravenous immunoglobulin in this highly lethal disease make its use reasonable in life-threatening cases. Other experimental approaches are also discussed, such as the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibodies and plasmapheresis.

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Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Complicating Preseptal Cellulitis

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Inpatient preseptal cellulitis: experience from a tertiary eye care centre

Inpatient preseptal cellulitis: experience from a tertiary eye care centre

The hot orbit: Orbital cellulitis

Therapeutic approaches to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

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