Streptococcal protein G. Gene structure and protein binding properties.

Sjöbring, Ulf; Björck, Lars; Kastern, William

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52448-0

Cited by 170 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…SpG from group C Streptococcus sp. contains 2 immunoglobulin binding domains (B1-B2) whereas group G has 3 (C1-C2-C3) (87)(88)(89). Between each immunoglobulin binding domain are 'spacers', known as D domains.…”

Section: Binding Of B-cell Superantigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superantigen Recognition and Interactions: Functions, Mechanisms and Applications

2021

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Superantigens are unconventional antigens which recognise immune receptors outside their usual recognition sites e.g. complementary determining regions (CDRs), to elicit a response within the target cell. T-cell superantigens crosslink T-cell receptors and MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, leading to lymphocyte recruitment, induction of cytokine storms and T-cell anergy or apoptosis among many other effects. B-cell superantigens, on the other hand, bind immunoglobulins on B-cells, affecting opsonisation, IgG-mediated phagocytosis, and driving apoptosis. Here, through a review of the structural basis for recognition of immune receptors by superantigens, we show that their binding interfaces share specific physicochemical characteristics when compared with other protein-protein interaction complexes. Given that antibody-binding superantigens have been exploited extensively in industrial antibody purification, these observations could facilitate further protein engineering to optimize the use of superantigens in this and other areas of biotechnology.

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Section: Binding Of B-cell Superantigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superantigen Recognition and Interactions: Functions, Mechanisms and Applications

2021

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“…Streptococcal protein G, which is similar in terms of functionality, contains repetitively arranged domains, where the COOH-terminal domains bind IgG, and the NH 2 half residue was found to attach to human serum albumin. Thus, protein G has a broader spectrum of binding activity than protein A [ 115 ]. Nevertheless, native protein G is able to bind the Fab region of the antibody, but with an affinity 10 times lower than that towards the Fc region [ 116 ].…”

Section: Affinity-based Oriented Ab Immobilization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Receptor Layer Engineering for Applications in SPR-Based Immunodiagnostics

Drozd

Karoń

Malinowska

2021

Sensors

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The rapid progress in the development of surface plasmon resonance-based immunosensing platforms offers wide application possibilities in medical diagnostics as a label-free alternative to enzyme immunoassays. The early diagnosis of diseases or metabolic changes through the detection of biomarkers in body fluids requires methods characterized by a very good sensitivity and selectivity. In the case of the SPR technique, as well as other surface-sensitive detection strategies, the quality of the transducer-immunoreceptor interphase is crucial for maintaining the analytical reliability of an assay. In this work, an overview of general approaches to the design of functional SPR-immunoassays is presented. It covers both immunosensors, the design of which utilizes well-known and often commercially available substrates, as well as the latest solutions developed in-house. Various approaches employing chemical and passive binding, affinity-based antibody immobilization, and the introduction of nanomaterial-based surfaces are discussed. The essence of their influence on the improvement of the main analytical parameters of a given immunosensor is explained. Particular attention is paid to solutions compatible with the latest trends in the development of label-free immunosensors, such as platforms dedicated to real-time monitoring in a quasi-continuous mode, the use of in situ-generated receptor layers (elimination of the regeneration step), and biosensors using recombinant and labelled protein receptors.

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“…silkworms Immunoglobulin-binding proteins (IBPs)-such as protein A (pA) from Staphylococcus aureus, 30 and protein G (pG) from Streptococcus sp. 31 -are useful biotools for the detection and purification of immunoglobulin G antibodies (IgGs), because they can bind strongly to IgGs of different subtypes from a wide range of animals. HRPs chemically conjugated with IBPs for use as detection probes in EIAs are commercially available from various manufacturers.…”

Section: •1 Expression Of Hrp-protein A/g Fusion Protein Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Making Multimeric and Polymeric Bifunctional Protein Conjugates and Their Applications as Bioanalytical Tools

et al. 2021

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Enzymes play a central role in the detection of target molecules in biotechnological fields. Most probes used in detection are bifunctional proteins comprising enzymes and binding proteins conjugated by chemical reactions. To create a highly sensitive detection probe, it is essential to increase the enzyme-to-binding protein ratio in the probe. However, if the chemical reactions required to prepare the probe are insufficiently site-specific, the detection probe may lose functionality. Genetic modifications and enzyme-mediated post-translational modifications (PTMs) can ensure the site-specific conjugation of proteins. They are therefore promising strategies for the production of detection probes with high enzyme contents, i.e., polymeric bifunctional proteins. Herein, we review recent advances in the preparation of bifunctional protein conjugates and polymeric bifunctional protein conjugates for detection. We have summarized research on genetically fused proteins and enzymatically prepared polymeric bifunctional proteins, and will discuss the potential use of protein polymers in various detection applications.

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Streptococcal protein G. Gene structure and protein binding properties.

Cited by 170 publications

References 35 publications

Superantigen Recognition and Interactions: Functions, Mechanisms and Applications

Superantigen Recognition and Interactions: Functions, Mechanisms and Applications

Recent Advancements in Receptor Layer Engineering for Applications in SPR-Based Immunodiagnostics

Strategies for Making Multimeric and Polymeric Bifunctional Protein Conjugates and Their Applications as Bioanalytical Tools

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