Streptococcal Infections

Gray, Barry M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1211-7_31

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 157 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Tilapia may become infected by streptococcosis due to several reasons, including stress. The symptoms of infection in tilapia include weakness, loss of appetite, abnormal swimming behaviour, exophthalmia, intra-ocular haemorrhage or opacification, convex and bleeding eyes, haemorrhage of muscle, anus and fin base [9], lesions including gill telangiectasia, haemorrhage, ascites, and kidney, spleen, and liver enlargement or whitish pinpoint necrosis [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Streptococcal Infection and Correlation with Climatic Factors in Cultured Tilapia Oreochromis spp. in Taiwan

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), a prominent warm water food fish, is one of the major fish species grown in the aquaculture industry in south-east Asia. Tilapia can tolerate adverse water quality and other stressors, like diverse salinity and fluctuation of pH value, better than most other commercial aquaculture species. Environmental fluctuations are one of the main factors that affect the outbreak of infectious diseases in cultured tilapia. Cultured tilapia in Taiwan appears to be more susceptible to infections caused by Streptococci during the summer season. The present study emphasizes the Streptococcus spp. infection in tilapia in Taiwan and is the first study on the analysis of the potential impact of climate change on streptococcal infection in cultured tilapia in Asia. The data collected from the treatment and diagnosis system (TDS) of the aquatic animal diseases database from 2006 to 2015 were used to analyze the endemic streptococcal infection and the effect of climatic factors. Based on the results, the factor, average atmospheric pressure, is negatively correlated to streptococcal infection, while the other three, including average temperature, ultraviolet (UV) index, and rainfall, are positively correlated to streptococcal infection. A multivariate logistic regression model with these four factors was also built. When the average temperature is above 27.0 °C, the average atmospheric pressure is lower than 1005.1 hPa, or the UV index is above 7.2, the percentage of cumulated positive farms from all submitted tilapia cases was more than 50%. In addition, within 3 days of rain, rainfall is relevant to the occurrence of Streptococcus in tilapia. Using TDS to alert the occurrence of streptococcal infection in tilapia can be a very useful tool for veterinary aquatic animal inspection stations, and reducing economic losses and labour costs in aquatic agriculture.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Streptococcal Infection and Correlation with Climatic Factors in Cultured Tilapia Oreochromis spp. in Taiwan

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen resulting in many different disease outcomes, including pharyngitis, cellulitis, acute rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (Gray, 1991). Virulence varies between strains of S. pyogenes and is related to a wide range of extracellular products, including streptolysin O (SLO) and the pyrogenic exotoxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchy of Spea Presentation to T Cells by Mouse MHC Haplotypes

Charlton¹,

Smith²,

Pyle

et al. 1997

European Journal of Immunogenetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability of splenic antigen-presenting cells (APC) from nine independent mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes to present recombinant streptococcal exotoxin A (rSPEA) to heterogeneous T cells and mouse T cell clones were compared using proliferation assays. We report that there is marked variation between MHC haplotypes, which can be ranked as follows: H2z > H2s = H2f = H2p = H2r = H2k > H2d > H2b = H2q. In some haplotypes both A and E molecules bind rSPEA with low affinity. In addition, we show that presentation is preferentially by E molecules in haplotypes where A and E are coexpressed, but that A alleles also bind and present rSPEA, based on inhibition of responses by anti-E and anti-A mAbs. Furthermore, using strains of mice which fail to express E, we demonstrate that A(s) and Af present rSPEA with high efficiency, whereas Aq and Ab are the least efficient of all haplotypes. The results suggest that there is significant variation in the ability of different alleles of both E and A molecules to bind and present rSPEA.

show abstract