Strenuous exercise-tolerance stretchable dry electrodes for continuous multi-channel electrophysiological monitoring

Xie, Ruijie; Li, Qingsong; Teng, Lijun; Cao, Zhengshuai; Han, Fei; Tian, Qiong; Sun, Jing; Zhao, Yang; Yu, Mei; Qi, Dianpeng; Guo, Peizhi; Li, Guanglin; Huo, Fengwei; Liu, Zhiyuan

doi:10.1038/s41528-022-00209-0

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 9A, Xie et al reported multichannel electrophysiological monitoring of skin in real time 246 . The porous nanothick stretchable electrode was fabricated using the Marangoni effect and attached to the forearm and calves to collect EEG and EMG signals.…”

Section: Representative Examples Of Bioelectronic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable and implantable bioelectronics as eco‐friendly and patient‐friendly integrated nanoarchitectonics for next‐generation smart healthcare technology

Kim

Baek

Sluyter

et al. 2023

EcoMat

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Since the beginning of human history, the demand for effective healthcare systems for diagnosis and treatment of health problems has grown steadily. However, traditional centralized healthcare requires hospital visits, making in‐time and long‐term healthcare challenging. Bioelectronics has shown potential in patient‐friendly healthcare owing to the rapid advances in diverse fields of biology and electronics. In particular, wearable and implantable bioelectronics have emerged as an alternative or adjunct to conventional healthcare. To develop into next‐generation healthcare systems, however, custom designs for biological targets with a deepened understanding of the intrinsic features of the target are essential. In addition, bioelectronic systems must be designed eco‐friendly for sustainable healthcare. In this review, bioelectronics as eco‐friendly and patient‐friendly integrated nanoarchitectonics as next‐generation smart healthcare technology are described. For an in‐depth understanding of biological targets and guidelines for target‐tailored design, we discuss target‐specific considerations and relevant key parameters of bioelectronic systems with the representative examples.

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Section: Representative Examples Of Bioelectronic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable and implantable bioelectronics as eco‐friendly and patient‐friendly integrated nanoarchitectonics for next‐generation smart healthcare technology

Kim

Baek

Sluyter

et al. 2023

EcoMat

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“…Furthermore, human skin is fully covered with keratin with amino groups. 36 Besides the intermolecular attraction between the electrode and the epidermis, 34 covalent bonding can be established between the AAP/SEBS film and human skin, because of the chemical reaction releasing the succinimide (Figure 1B). Because of the amphiphilicity, AAP can act as a stabilizer at the interface between the organic solution and the water droplet to stabilize the porous morphology.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Adhesive and Amphophilic Polymer (Aap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 By liquid surface evaporation method, ultrathin styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS) copolymer film electrodes with random pores are prepared with pore size in the range of 50−110 μm but wall thicknesses much thicker than 100 μm. 34 Even though porous films or fabrics are investigated for EP monitoring, a wall thickness of <10 μm has not been developed. To the best of our knowledge, there are few research on this unique type of stretchable and porous epidermal electrodes.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides BFM, PU/Au nanowire film electrode with 1 mm spacing pores with diameters between 100 and 200 μm is prepared by laser cutting . By liquid surface evaporation method, ultrathin styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS) copolymer film electrodes with random pores are prepared with pore size in the range of 50–110 μm but wall thicknesses much thicker than 100 μm . Even though porous films or fabrics are investigated for EP monitoring, a wall thickness of <10 μm has not been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrapermeable and Wet-Adhesive Monolayer Porous Film for Stretchable Epidermal Electrode

Tian

Zhao

Zhou

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Noninvasive electrophysiological signal monitoring is significant for health care and scientific research. The simultaneous achievement of wet adhesion, stretchability, breathability, and low contact impedance is highly recommended in the epidermal electrode but still challenging. In this work, a monolayer porous film electrode with a pore size and wall thickness of less than ∼10 μm is fabricated via the breath figure method (BFM) and metal sputtering, and it was subsequently applied using epidermal electrophysiological monitoring. The ultrahigh permeability is comparable to the naked skin because the through holes of the monolayer porous film match well with the pores on human skin. The stretchability of 50% is realized with the combination of Au microcrack and the monolayer porous structure. The wet adhesion of 0.17 N/cm is established on the chemical bonding between the electrode and the epidermis. The contact impedance is comparable with the gold standard Ag/AgCl gel electrode, especially after sweating. Stable and precise electrophysiological signals are measured. Especially, the perspiration resistance of the monolayer porous film outperforms that of the gel electrode. The monolayer porous structure provides a new avenue to improve the breathability of the epidermal electronics.

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“…Lots of interest is devoted to the fabrication of stretchable electrodes. [12][13][14][15][16] These electrodes need to possess matched modulus to adapt to the uneven surface of human skin/tissue. In addition to the mechanical properties, excellent conductivity, adhesion to skin, and biocompatibility are necessary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Bioelectrodes

Yang

Liu

2023

Small Science

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Sensing bioelectrical signals paves a way for knowing the health and mental status, providing important clinical information about subjects' physiological and psychological activities. [1] Common bioelectrical signals include electromyogram (EMG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electroencephalogram (EEG). EMG is conducive to explore the activities of nerves and muscles. ECG signals, originating from heart, show the information related to cardiac function. EOG can help to recognize eye diseases. EEG is capable of showing complex neural activities in the brain. [2][3][4][5] Furthermore, bioelectrical signals could integrate with human-machine interfaces (HMI), such as prosthetic control, emotion recognition, eye movement tracking, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR). [6][7][8][9] So far, various bioelectrodes have been developed for recording bioelectrical signals, but it is still challenging to acquire high-quality, stable, and long-term signals. [10,11] Human skin/tissue will deform during body motion, which means that human skin/tissue has to withstand strain. Conventional bioelectrodes are mainly gel electrodes (Ag/AgCl electrodes) and dry electrodes made of metals (e.g., Au, Ag, Cu). Due to the mechanical mismatch with human skin/tissue, they are unable to continuously recording signals. In addition to, long-term use of such electrodes would cause skin irritation. Stretchability is a critical property to ensure bioelectrodes to work normally despite the deformation of human skin/tissue. Lots of interest is devoted to the fabrication of stretchable electrodes. [12][13][14][15][16] These electrodes need to possess matched modulus to adapt to the uneven surface of human skin/tissue. In addition to the mechanical properties, excellent conductivity, adhesion to skin, and biocompatibility are necessary. Furthermore, breathability and self-healing are also the properties people pursuing for. [17] Emerging materials used for bioelectrodes include conductive polymers, conductive hydrogels, carbon materials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes), liquid metals, elastomer composites, etc. [18][19][20][21] Conductive polymers are kinds of organic conjugated polymers with heterocycle, whose conductivity stems from conjugated main chains of delocalized electron/hole. By combining the advantages of both metals and polymers, conductive polymers are easy for fabrication and structure modification. Among them, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has attracted heightened interest due to its excellent conductivity, optical transmittance in the visible region, thermostability, relatively low redox potential, etc. Nevertheless, its insolubility in water hinders further development. It can be overcome by introducing polyelectrolyte like poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) into PEDOT matrix. PSS acts as both dopant and stabilizer by a charge balance mechanism. Since the problem of insolubility in water has been solved, PEDOT becomes the most successful commercial polyelectrolyte. [22] Figure 1 shows the s...

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Strenuous exercise-tolerance stretchable dry electrodes for continuous multi-channel electrophysiological monitoring

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Wearable and implantable bioelectronics as eco‐friendly and patient‐friendly integrated nanoarchitectonics for next‐generation smart healthcare technology

Wearable and implantable bioelectronics as eco‐friendly and patient‐friendly integrated nanoarchitectonics for next‐generation smart healthcare technology

Ultrapermeable and Wet-Adhesive Monolayer Porous Film for Stretchable Epidermal Electrode

Recent Progress on Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Bioelectrodes

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