“…This result is consistent with previous findings in which African American, as compared to white, grandchildren regarded their grandparents as more successful in their grandparenting role (Strom, Collinsworth, & Strom, 1992) and expected their grandparents to provide more discipline, guidance, and instrumental support (Kennedy, 1990). Traditionally, African American grandmothers have been described as family matriarchs (Burton & Bengtson, 1985), providing support, guidance, and, when necessary, surrogate parenting.…”