Angiogenesis,
formation of new blood vessels from the existing
vascular network, is a hallmark of cancer cells that leads to tumor
vascular proliferation and metastasis. This process is mediated through
the binding interaction of VEGF-A with VEGF receptors. However, the
balance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic effect after ligand
binding yet remains elusive and is therefore challenging to manipulate.
To interrogate this interaction, herein we designed a few sulfono-γ-AA
peptide based helical peptidomimetics that could effectively mimic
a key binding interface on VEGF (helix-α1) for VEGFR recognition.
Intriguingly, although both sulfono-γ-AA peptide sequences V2 and V3 bound to VEGF receptors tightly, in
vitro angiogenesis assays demonstrated that V3 potently
inhibited angiogenesis, whereas V2 activated angiogenesis
effectively instead. Our findings suggested that this distinct modulation
of angiogenesis might be due to the result of selective binding of V2 to VEGFR-1 and V3 to VEGFR-2, respectively.
These molecules thus provide us a key to switch the angiogenic signaling,
a biological process that balances the effects of pro-angiogenic and
anti-angiogenic factors, where imbalances lead to several diseases
including cancer. In addition, both V2 and V3 exhibited remarkable stability toward proteolytic hydrolysis, suggesting
that V2 and V3 are promising therapeutic
agents for the intervention of disease conditions arising due to angiogenic
imbalances and could also be used as novel molecular switching probes
to interrogate the mechanism of VEGFR signaling. The findings also
further demonstrated the potential of sulfono-γ-AA peptides
to mimic the α-helical domain for protein recognition and modulation
of protein–protein interactions.