Strengthening mechanisms in a high-strength bulk nanostructured Cu–Zn–Al alloy processed via cryomilling and spark plasma sintering

Strengthening mechanisms and deformation behavior of cryomilled Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy

“…In addition, it is worth noting that Cu and [27,53,[55][56][57]. Following the quantitative analysis methods for dispersoids as described in [6], it was found that the average diameter of the Mg-O-N dispersoids was 5.0 ± 3.5 nm, with a number density of 1.4 ± 0.4 x 10 22 m -3 and a volume fraction of 0.268% ± 0.001%. The 3D APT data for CM AA 2139 is very similar to the APT results for AA 7075 [4] and UFG Al-5Mg-0.4Sc alloy [11], which was also cryomilled for 12 hours.…”

“…is the main strengthening mechanism in many nanocrystalline and UFG metallic materials [1][2][3][6][7][8]13]. The increase in the yield strength as a function of grain size can be described using the Hall-Petch relationship [20,21]:…”

“…The composition of dispersoids was obtained employing the proximity histogram concentration profile technique [48]. A more complete description of the APT technique can be found elsewhere [6,49,50].…”

“…The field of BNM evolved during the last decade to encompass more complex systems, such as alloys and composites [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. On the basis of this body of literature, there are multiple strengthening mechanisms that may be active in nanostructured alloys and composites, including grain size strengthening (Hall-Petch) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], solid solution strengthening [3,8,15], dispersion strengthening [3,4,11,16,17], precipitate strengthening [4,7,8,11], and dislocation strengthening [14,18,19]. The Hall-Petch relationship predicts an increase in strength that is inversely dependent on the square root of the grain size [20,21]; this prediction has been confirmed by numerous published studies, with rare exceptions reported mostly for materials with grain sizes that are <10 nm.…”

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of low SFE Cu-Al alloys processed by cryorolling followed by short-annealing

“…12). [57]. Therefore, the total YS was estimated from the strengthening mechanisms' model using physical data obtained by the experimental analysis as follows:…”