Strengthening industrial glasses by ion exchange with solid-phase reagents

Alkali salt vapour deposition and in-line ion exchange on flat glass surfaces

“…(23) In this study we suggest vapour deposition and in-line alkali metal ion exchange, see Figure 3. This method is based on an earlier study by Sil'vestrovich et al (24,25) However, in contrast to the approach of Sil'vestrovich et al, where the vapour deposition and the ion exchange process were separated into two different steps, we combine both processes into one step, which enables a novel route for the fabrication of low-cost chemically strengthened glass.…”

Effect of surface cleaning prior to chemical strengthening process of glass

“…Especially the second process generates higher strength, often exceeding the GPa range. [10][11][12][13][14] It relies on ion-exchange reactions, [15][16][17][18] whereby a compressive residual stress layer is generated to counteract external tensile stress. This is achieved by exchanging small-diameter alkali ions in the glass surface with larger diameter alkali ions, often denoted as stuffing.…”