Strengthening extraction of lithium and rubidium from activated α-spodumene concentrate via sodium carbonate roasting

Zhou, Huidong; Liu, Yubo; Ma, Baozhong; Wang, Chengyan; Chen, Yongqiang

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.040

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The surface morphology of the pseudo-boehmite product was characterized with a scanning electron microscope (SEM, MIRA3 LMS, TESCAN Brno, s,r.o., Brno, Czech Republic). To provide theoretical guidance for sodium roasting of the spent Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, the equilibrium component distribution of each phase at different roasting temperatures and Na 2 CO 3 dosages was studied using the thermodynamic software Factsage 7.0 (Thermfact/CRCT, Montreal, QC, Canada; GTT-Technologies, Ahern, Germany) [25][26][27][28]. Factsage supports the computation and manipulation of phase diagrams, complicated phase equilibria and predominance diagrams.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt and Al Recovery from a Spent Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst via an Integrated Soda Roasting–Alkaline Leaching–Carbonization Process

Dong,

Zhang,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Metals

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An integrated soda roasting–alkaline leaching–carbonization process was developed to recover platinum (Pt) and aluminum (Al) from a spent Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. A product with the main component of NaAlO2 was obtained under the optimal roasting conditions of the mass ratio of Na2CO3 to spent catalyst 1, roasting time 2 h and roasting temperature 900 °C. The Al in the roasted residue was effectively leached in a dilute NaOH solution, while Pt was enriched in the leached residue with a Pt content that reached 29.4%, and the calculated concentration factor of Pt yielded 79.4. After carbonization was performed for the leached solution, 99.0% of the Al was recovered as the pseudo-boehmite product, which could be used as the feed for preparing the Al2O3 carrier. Pt and Al2O3 in the spent catalyst were selectively separated and enriched using the above process, which thus has good application prospects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt and Al Recovery from a Spent Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst via an Integrated Soda Roasting–Alkaline Leaching–Carbonization Process

Dong,

Zhang,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…In a recent study, Zhou et al achieved 95.9% Li recovery from α-spodumene concentrate through the optimum conditions as 45% Na 2 CO 3 , T = 1100 °C, and t = 30 min. 43 Interestingly, the effect of sudden and rapid cooling after carbonation was observed to be positive for the enhanced recovery. In comparison to ordinary cooling in a furnace, the rapid drop in temperature resulted in not only mineral dissociation but also the conversion of a highly stable α-state to a more reactive β-state (Figure 5(a-c)).…”

Section: Recovery Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the requirement of high roasting temperature directly increases the capital energy consumption. In a recent study, Zhou et al achieved 95.9% Li recovery from α-spodumene concentrate through the optimum conditions as 45% Na 2 CO 3 , T = 1100 °C, and t = 30 min . Interestingly, the effect of sudden and rapid cooling after carbonation was observed to be positive for the enhanced recovery.…”

Section: Recovery Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Australia’s Spodumene: Advances in Lithium Extraction Technologies, Decarbonization, and Circular Economy

Asif,

Li,

Lim

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Among all of the lithium-bearing minerals, spodumene possesses the highest theoretical lithium abundance. Since the 1990s, Australia, with the world's largest spodumene (LiAl(SiO 3 ) 2 ) reserves, has been producing lithium as a mineral concentrate rather than a refined product. Nevertheless, the country is now moving forward to fortify its processing facilities, aligning with the vision for greener energy. This review provides a comprehensive outlook on the current status of spodumene reserves and their processing facilities along with potential expansion in the future. Spodumene processing requires several metallurgical processes ranging from salt roasting to acid leaching. However, the conventional industrial practices for Li-extraction from ores result in excessive pressure on resources, energy, and waste management. Considering these factors as an indicator of a circular economy, the process of lithium extraction should be simplified. In such a context, different practices for Li-extraction from spodumene are exemplified by recent technological advancements. Afterward, strategies for decarbonization, waste management, and environmental aspects were provided, with a perspective of circular economy. This review is expected to serve as a reference for research and development for potential industrial applications in ore processing especially for spodumene.

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“…13 This was further increased by 17% to a total yield of 88% by extracting remaining Li from the residual with an acid solution. However, each set of observed products did not contain Li 14 Solution-based approaches 15,16 have also been tested for the extraction of Li from αspodumene, yet these processes consistently form silicates such as Li 2 SiO 3 . This compound cannot be readily used for battery production without first isolating Li from the silicate anion, which typically requires acid leaching.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Lithium Extraction from α-Spodumene through Solid-State Reactions for Sustainable Li₂CO₃ Production

Wang,

Szymanski,

Fei

et al. 2024

Inorg. Chem.

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With increasing battery demand comes a need for diversified Li sources beyond brines. Among all Li-bearing minerals, spodumene is most often used for its high Li content and natural abundance. However, the traditional approach to process spodumene is costly and energy-intensive, requiring the mineral be transformed from its natural α to β phase at >1000 °C. Acid leaching is then applied, followed by neutralization to precipitate Li2CO3. In this work, we report an alternative method to extract Li directly from α-spodumene, which is performed at lower temperatures and avoids the use of acids. It is shown that Li2CO3 is formed with >90% yield at 750 °C by reacting α-spodumene with Na2CO3 and Al2O3. The addition of Al2O3 is critical to reduce the amount of Li2SiO3 that forms when only Na2CO3 is used, instead providing increased thermodynamic driving force to form NaAlSiO4 and Li2CO3 as the sole products. We find that this reaction is most effective at 4 h, after which volatility limits the yield. Following its extraction, Li2CO3 can be isolated by washing the sample using deionized water. This energy-saving and acid-free route to obtain Li2CO3 directly from spodumene can help meet the growing demand for Li.

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Strengthening extraction of lithium and rubidium from activated α-spodumene concentrate via sodium carbonate roasting

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Pt and Al Recovery from a Spent Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst via an Integrated Soda Roasting–Alkaline Leaching–Carbonization Process

Pt and Al Recovery from a Spent Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst via an Integrated Soda Roasting–Alkaline Leaching–Carbonization Process

Australia’s Spodumene: Advances in Lithium Extraction Technologies, Decarbonization, and Circular Economy

Direct Lithium Extraction from α-Spodumene through Solid-State Reactions for Sustainable Li₂CO₃ Production

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Strengthening extraction of lithium and rubidium from activated α-spodumene concentrate via sodium carbonate roasting

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Pt and Al Recovery from a Spent Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst via an Integrated Soda Roasting–Alkaline Leaching–Carbonization Process

Pt and Al Recovery from a Spent Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst via an Integrated Soda Roasting–Alkaline Leaching–Carbonization Process

Australia’s Spodumene: Advances in Lithium Extraction Technologies, Decarbonization, and Circular Economy

Direct Lithium Extraction from α-Spodumene through Solid-State Reactions for Sustainable Li2CO3 Production

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Direct Lithium Extraction from α-Spodumene through Solid-State Reactions for Sustainable Li₂CO₃ Production