Strengthened belief in vaccine effectiveness predicted increased COVID-19 vaccination intention and behaviour: Results from a nationally representative longitudinal survey of U.S. adults from July 2020 to April/May 2021

Kikut, Ava; Clark, Danielle V.; Jesch, Emma; Hornik, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.046

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The findings of our study also showed that vaccine safety and efficacy were a major concern for members of the public who wanted reassurance from the authorities that the vaccines being provided by the government health authorities were safe and efficient, which aligns with other recent COVID-19 vaccine-related studies conducted in other countries in the world that show COVID-19 vaccination intentions being strengthened through a simple messaging intervention that utilizes perceived vaccine response efficacy (31)(32)(33)(34). In addition, our study indicated that the public was also concerned about citizens' rights in the midst of the fast-phased vaccination campaigns and the overall capabilities of the authorities to manage such a massive undertaking, which has also been discussed widely in countries around world (35,36).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Identifying factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Finland – a qualitative study using social media data

Lohiniva

Pensola

Hyökki

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionVaccine demand creation requires understanding what is driving the uptake of the vaccine. 24 Qualitative research methods are paramount to gaining a localized understanding of behavioral 25 drivers and barriers to vaccine uptake, but they are often underutilized.MethodsThis is a qualitative study that 26 used public comments on the Facebook and Twitter posts of the Finnish Institute for Health and 27 Welfare (THL) as data sources to identify behavioral drivers for COVID-19 vaccine uptake in 28 Finland. The participatory data analysis utilized thematic analysis and the Theoretical Domains 29 Framework (TDF). NVIVO was used to assist in the coding process.ResultsThe greatest number of FB and 30 Twitter comments were linked with six TDF domains: knowledge, environmental context and 31 resources, beliefs in consequences, beliefs in capabilities, social and professional role, and social 32 influences. The domains included 15 themes that were interlinked. The knowledge domain 33 overlapped with all other domains.DiscussionBy using public discourse on Facebook and Twitter, and rapid 34 qualitative data analysis methods within a behavioral insight framework, this study adds to the 35 emerging knowledge about behavioral drivers of COVID-19 vaccines that can be used by public 36 health experts to enhance the uptake of vaccines during future pandemics and epidemics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Identifying factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Finland – a qualitative study using social media data

Lohiniva

Pensola

Hyökki

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…For example, financial incentives are more effective in increasing intentions to vaccinate when they are coupled with communication strategies that emphasize personal freedom gained from vaccination and other measures that increased access to vaccination (e.g., the ability to get vaccines from local doctors; Klüver et al, 2021 ). It is also likely that incentives promote vaccination more when there is some level of consensus that vaccines are safe and effective and when people have some level of trust in the public-health system, all of which are important determinants of attitudes toward vaccines ( Borah & Hwang, 2021 ; Kikut et al, 2022 ; Lohmann & Albarracín, 2022 ). Therefore, the design and implementation of incentive policies should accompany relevant public-health communications to maximize their effectiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do COVID-19 Vaccination Policies Backfire? The Effects of Mandates, Vaccination Passports, and Financial Incentives on COVID-19 Vaccination

Fayaz-Farkhad,

Jung

2023

Perspect Psychol Sci

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Faced with the challenges of motivating people to vaccinate, many countries have introduced policy-level interventions to encourage vaccination against COVID-19. For example, mandates were widely imposed requiring individuals to vaccinate to work and attend school, and vaccination passports required individuals to show proof of vaccination to travel and access public spaces and events. Furthermore, some countries also began offering financial incentives for getting vaccinated. One major criticism of these policies was the possibility that they would produce reactance and thus undermine voluntary vaccination. This article therefore reviews relevant empirical evidence to examine whether this is indeed the case. Specifically, we devote separate sections to reviewing and discussing the impacts of three major policies that were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic: vaccination mandates, vaccination passports, and the provision of financial incentives. A careful analysis of the evidence provides little support that these policies backfire but instead can effectively promote vaccination at the population level. The policies are not without limitations, however, such as their inability to mobilize those that are strongly hesitant to vaccines. Finally, we discuss how policy-level interventions should be designed and implemented to address future epidemics and pandemics.

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“…Despite these limitations, the detection of significant main effects on pro-vaccine beliefs and main and significant interaction effects on PME should be considered strong indicators of the potential influence of both trust and exposure on parent vaccine decisions. Prior literature has shown behavioral beliefs strongly predict subsequent behavior for a range of contexts [55], including COVID-19 vaccination [56,57]. PME has also been validated as a strong predictor of behavioral beliefs, intention, and behavior [44,45].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The doctor knows or the evidence shows: An online survey experiment testing the effects of source trust, pro-vaccine evidence, and dual-processing in expert messages recommending child COVID-19 vaccination to parents

Kikut

2023

PLoS ONE

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Increasing child vaccination rates is a critical step toward mitigating the spread of COVID-19. Both distrust in expert sources and concern about the safety and efficacy of vaccines may contribute to parent vaccine hesitancy. The present study is the first to test the effectiveness of building trust and providing evidence supporting child COVID-19 vaccines in recommendation messages for parents. Based on dual-processing theories, emphasis on source trustworthiness and pro-vaccine evidence may each be particularly effective when the other is not present. It was hypothesized that these two approaches would have main and interaction effects on perceived message effectiveness and pro-vaccine beliefs. A between-subjects 2 (trust-building appeal vs. no trust-building appeal) X 2 (pro-vaccine evidence vs. no pro-vaccine evidence) online survey experiment was conducted in December 2021 and January 2022 with United States parents/guardians of children <18 years old (n = 401). As hypothesized, trust and pro-vaccine evidence each had significant simple main effects on both outcomes. Analysis of variance showed a significant negative interaction effect of trust and pro-vaccine evidence on perceived message effectiveness [F(3, 394) = 6.47; η2 = 0.02, p = 0.002; 95% CI (0.01, 0.11)], supporting the dual-processing hypothesis. The interaction effect on pro-vaccine beliefs was also negative but not significant [F(3, 394) = 2.69; η2 = 0.01; p = 0.102; 95% CI (0.00, 0.03)]. Either highlighting evidence supporting vaccines or building trust in expert sources can influence parent vaccine support. Messages which include strong evidence supporting recommended behaviors may influence recommendation acceptance even among those with lower trust in expert sources and establishing trust may reduce the need to describe available evidence.

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Strengthened belief in vaccine effectiveness predicted increased COVID-19 vaccination intention and behaviour: Results from a nationally representative longitudinal survey of U.S. adults from July 2020 to April/May 2021

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Identifying factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Finland – a qualitative study using social media data

Identifying factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Finland – a qualitative study using social media data

Do COVID-19 Vaccination Policies Backfire? The Effects of Mandates, Vaccination Passports, and Financial Incentives on COVID-19 Vaccination

The doctor knows or the evidence shows: An online survey experiment testing the effects of source trust, pro-vaccine evidence, and dual-processing in expert messages recommending child COVID-19 vaccination to parents

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