Strength training for wheelchair users.

Davis, Glen M.; Shephard, Roy J.

doi:10.1136/bjsm.24.1.25

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…After reading the 40 papers (LV: PhD student and ET: MSc in Human Movement Science; both experienced in physical therapy research methods), 15 training studies were excluded for the following reasons: other outcome measures, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] mixed population, 24,25 the population was not described properly, 26 training of both arms and legs 27 or -as was the case in two papers -the results were already published in other included papers. 28,29 The 25 included studies are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of upper body exercise on the physical capacity of people with a spinal cord injury: a systematic review

et al. 2007

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Objective: To describe the effects of upper body training on the physical capacity of people with a spinal cord injury. Data sources: The databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Sport Discus and Cochrane were searched from 1970 to May 2006. Review methods: The keywords 'spinal cord injury', 'paraplegia', 'tetraplegia' and 'quadriplegia' were used in combination with 'training'. The methodological quality of the included articles (both randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials) was assessed with the modified 'van Tulder et al.' checklist. Studies were described with respect to population, test design, training protocol and mode of training. The training effects on physical capacity, reflected by peak power output (PO peak ) and oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ), were summarized. Results: Twenty-five studies were included with a mean score of 8.8 out of 17 items on the quality checklist. The methodological quality was quite low, mostly because of the absence of randomized controlled trials. Therefore no metaanalysis was possible. In the 14 articles of acceptable quality the mean (SD) increase in VO 2peak and PO peak, following a period of training, was 17.6 (11.2)% and 26.1 (15.6)%, respectively. Conclusions: Due to the overall low quality of studies it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions on training effects for different lesion groups or training modes. The results of the relatively few studies with an acceptable quality seem to support the view that upper body exercise may increase the physical capacity of people with spinal cord injury. The magnitude of improvement in PO peak and VO 2peak , however, varies considerably among studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All studies claim significant improvements in muscle strength, but again, no control groups were present in any of the studies involved. Other upper body training studies in spinal cord injury, 16,18,19 all excluded from this review because they lacked data on VO 2peak and PO peak , also reported improvement in muscle strength.…”

Section: Other Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of upper body exercise on the physical capacity of people with a spinal cord injury: a systematic review

et al. 2007

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“…Unfortunately, the vast majority of longitudinal studies have been relatively short in duration (524 weeks), restricted to either persons with paraplegia or persons with tetraplegia, and have been rather narrow in their focus on outcome measures. For example, studies have examined the e ects of exercise training on either cardiorespiratory function 7,9 or muscle strength, 12,13 but relatively few have included both strength and cardiovascular endurance measures in their outcomes, and fewer still have included measures of quality of life (QOL). One study, more than two decades ago, attempted to include multiple outcome measures, 14 and they reported signi®cant improvements in exercise capacity (31%), maximum oxygen uptake (12%), and strength (19%) after 7 weeks of thrice-weekly training in persons with incomplete paraplegia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury: effects on strength, arm ergometry performance and psychological well-being

et al. 2002

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Study design: Randomized controlled trial of exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the e ects of 9 months of twice-weekly exercise training on strength, arm ergometry performance, and indices of psychological wellbeing and quality of life. Setting: Centre for Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Methods: Thirty-four men and women (aged 19 ± 65 years) with traumatic spinal cord injury (C4 ± L1; ASIA A ± D) of 1 ± 24 years duration volunteered to participate, and were randomized into exercise (EX; n=21) and control (CON; n=13) groups. Twenty-three subjects (11 EX; 12 CON) successfully completed the 9-month study. Subjects were assessed for one repetition maximum (1RM) strength, arm ergometry performance, and several indices of quality of life and psychological well-being at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. Results: At baseline, there were no signi®cant di erences between groups in age, submaximal arm ergometry performance, muscle strength, or psychological well-being. Following training, the EX group had signi®cant increases in submaximal arm ergometry power output (81%; P50.05), and signi®cant increases in upper body muscle strength (19 ± 34%; P50.05); no signi®cant changes occurred in CON. Participants in EX reported signi®cantly less pain, stress and depression after training, and scored higher than CON in indices of satisfaction with physical function, level of perceived health and overall quality of life (P50.05). Exercise adherence (per cent of prescribed sessions attended) in those subjects who completed the 9 months of training was 82.5%.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that long-term twice-weekly exercise training in this population is feasible, and results in signi®cant gains in both physical and psychological wellbeing.

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“…In those studies, training consisted of moderate intensity exercises with arm, kayak and wheelchair ergometers [15][16][17] . Especially, individuals with SCI have physiological disavantages limiting exercise capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Olenik et al 14 reported that strengthening and stretching exercises may be beneficial to correct imbalances of the muscles in the upper extremity. Some studies have examined the effect of circuit training training and rehabilitation in wheelchair users 15,16 , but there is a lack of studies on strength training in WCB athletes 17 . As far as we know, no studies have reported the effects of short-duration explosive strength training in WCB athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive strength training improves speed and agility in wheelchair basketball athletes

Özmen

Yüktaşir

Yıldırım

et al. 2014

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Wheelchair basketball is a paralympic sport characterized by intermittent high-intensity activities that require explosive strength and speed. Objective: To investigate the effect of explosive strength training on speed and agility performance in wheelchair basketball players. Methods: Ten male wheelchair basketball players (M age =31±4 yrs) were divided into two groups [i.e. explosive strength training (ES); control (CN)] based on International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) classification scores. The ES group underwent 6-weeks of training, twice weekly, at 50% 1RM, 10-12 repetitions and 3-4 sets in addition to routine training. Effects of training were measured by the 20 m sprint test and Illinois agility test. Results: The ES group, showed significantly higher increases in speed and agility performance (p ≤ .05). Conclusion: A short-duration (i.e. 6-week) explosive strength training programme in wheelchair basketball athletes results in significant improvements in sprint and agility performance.

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Strength training for wheelchair users.

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

The effects of upper body exercise on the physical capacity of people with a spinal cord injury: a systematic review

The effects of upper body exercise on the physical capacity of people with a spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Long-term exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury: effects on strength, arm ergometry performance and psychological well-being

Explosive strength training improves speed and agility in wheelchair basketball athletes

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