Strength of Ventral Tegmental Area Connections With Left Caudate Nucleus Is Related to Conflict Monitoring

Mamiya, Ping C.; Richards, Todd L.; Corrigan, Neva M.; Kuhl, Patricia K.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02869

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…We adopted the procedures for the Flanker task that we have previously published [65] and used E-Prime to display 5 arrows in a mirror inside the scanner (Figure 4B). Participants were required to identify whether the arrow in the center image pointed in the same direction (congruent condition) or in the opposite direction (incongruent condition) as the flanking arrows.…”

Section: Flanker Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Glx and GABA Inductions in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Caudate Nucleus Are Related to Impaired Control of Attention in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Mamiya

Richards

Edden

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs the control of attention and behavioral inhibition in affected individuals. Recent genome-wide association findings have revealed an association between glutamate and GABA gene sets and ADHD symptoms. Consistently, people with ADHD show altered glutamate and GABA content in the brain circuitry that is important for attention control function. Yet, it remains unknown how glutamate and GABA content in the attention control circuitry change when people are controlling their attention, and whether these changes can predict impaired attention control in people with ADHD. To study these questions, we recruited 18 adults with ADHD (31–51 years) and 16 adults without ADHD (28–54 years). We studied glutamate + glutamine (Glx) and GABA content in the fronto-striatal circuitry while participants performed attention control tasks. We found that Glx and GABA concentrations at rest did not differ between participants with ADHD or without ADHD. However, while participants were performing the attention control tasks, participants with ADHD showed smaller Glx and GABA increases than participants without ADHD. Notably, smaller GABA increases in participants with ADHD significantly predicted their poor task performance. Together, these findings provide the first demonstration showing that attention control deficits in people with ADHD may be related to insufficient responses of the GABAergic system in the fronto-striatal circuitry.

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Section: Flanker Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Glx and GABA Inductions in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Caudate Nucleus Are Related to Impaired Control of Attention in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Mamiya

Richards

Edden

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…It can be hypothesized that these different functional compartments within the human SNc/VTA may show selective functional or structural alterations in schizophrenic patients. However, to the best of our knowledge, only a few attempts have been made for differentiating distinct sub-territories of the human midbrain dopaminergic complex [ 24 , 25 ] and their role both in the healthy human brain [ 26 , 27 ] and in schizophrenic patients [ 28 ] is still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Connectivity-Based Parcellation of the Dopaminergic Midbrain in Healthy Subjects and Schizophrenic Patients

et al. 2020

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Background and objectives: Functional deregulation of dopaminergic midbrain regions is a core feature of schizophrenia pathophysiology. Anatomical research on primates suggests that these regions may be subdivided into distinct, topographically organized functional territories according to their connectivity to the striatum. The aim of the present work was the reconstruction of dopaminergic midbrain subregions in healthy subjects and schizophrenic patients and the evaluation of their structural connectivity profiles. Materials and Methods: A hypothesis-driven connectivity-based parcellation derived from diffusion tractography was applied on 24 healthy subjects and 30 schizophrenic patients to identify distinct territories within the human dopaminergic midbrain in vivo and non-invasively. Results: We identified a tripartite subdivision of dopaminergic midbrain, including limbic, prefrontal and sensorimotor territories. No significant differences in structural features or connectivity were found between subjects and patients. Conclusions: The parcellation scheme proposed herein may help to achieve detailed characterization of structural and functional anomalies of the dopaminergic midbrain in schizophrenic patients.

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“…Flanker task. We adopted the procedures for the Flanker task that we previously published (Mamiya et al, 2019) and used E-Prime to display 5 arrows in a mirror inside the scanner. Subjects were required to identify whether the arrow of the center image pointed in the same direction (congruent condition) or in the opposite direction (incongruent condition) of the flanking arrows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-related excitatory/inhibitory ratios in the fronto-striatal circuitry predict attention control deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Mamiya

Richards

Edden

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Reduced GABA concentrations at rest in the fronto-striatal circuitry are repeatedly implicated in cognitive symptoms of ADHD. However, recent evidence has suggested that GABA and its precursor, glutamate, are capable of undergoing dynamic modifications in response to environments. Yet, it remains unclear how the dynamics between glutamate and GABA may change when people are exerting their control of attention, and whether they would predict attention control deficits in ADHD. To study this question, we used MR spectroscopy to quantify GABA and glutamate+glutamine (Glx) concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the caudate nucleus in the fronto-striatal circuitry while subjects were performing attention control tasks. We studied 19 adults with ADHD (31-51 years) and 16 adults without ADHD (28-54). We found GABA and Glx concentrations during the tasks increased in both subjects with or without ADHD, but the extent of increases was significantly reduced in subjects with ADHD. Notably, E/I ratios (Glx/GABA) also increased and significantly predicted error rates while subjects with or without ADHD performed the Stroop and Flanker tasks. Critically, regression models including E/I ratios, GABA concentrations, and the ADHD diagnosis significantly predicted task performance in these tasks. Furthermore, clear interactions among these factors predicted the impaired attention control in the Flanker task in subjects with ADHD. These findings demonstrate for the first time that E/I ratios in the ACC and the caudate nucleus increased when people exerted their control of attention, and suggest that reduced GABA contribution to E/I ratio in these two brain regions may account for cognitive deficits in ADHD.

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Strength of Ventral Tegmental Area Connections With Left Caudate Nucleus Is Related to Conflict Monitoring

Cited by 5 publications

References 68 publications

Reduced Glx and GABA Inductions in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Caudate Nucleus Are Related to Impaired Control of Attention in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Reduced Glx and GABA Inductions in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Caudate Nucleus Are Related to Impaired Control of Attention in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Structural Connectivity-Based Parcellation of the Dopaminergic Midbrain in Healthy Subjects and Schizophrenic Patients

Task-related excitatory/inhibitory ratios in the fronto-striatal circuitry predict attention control deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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