Strength of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks Under Compressive Membrane Action

Hon, Alan; Taplin, Geoff R; Al-Mahaidi, Riadh

doi:10.14359/14410

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is sometimes also referred to as arching action which develops due to the horizontal and rotational restraint of slabs at their continuous support. While CMA is known to increase flexural and punching capacity, for example, [42][43][44][45][46] it is likely to also enhance shear capacity, for example Ref. 47.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐way flexural shear tests on wide reinforced concrete slab segments with simple and intermediate supports

Adam

Schmidt

Hegger

2022

Structural Concrete

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Flexural shear behavior, which mainly concerns reinforced concrete (RC) slabs without shear reinforcement, is usually investigated by means of simply supported, beam‐shaped specimens. Only few tests are available where the cross‐section properties correspond to a slab (b ≫ h) or the support conditions lead to moment and shear force distributions of multi‐span slab systems. The moment distribution in the vicinity of inner supports can decrease shear slenderness and, hence, increase shear strength. An increase in member width is also often associated with a beneficial effect on load bearing behavior. Firstly, the course of the shear crack changes along the width which, both, increases the crack face area, and potentially allows for an increased interlocking effect of the two crack faces. Secondly, a (wide) slab's ability to redistribute inner stresses in lateral direction can compensate inner irregularities. However, the likelihood of irregularities to occur after all, increases with increasing concrete volume, so larger member widths. A comparison of existing investigations shows that the findings are partly inconclusive. Also, no studies addressing the influence of the member width exist with tests in the vicinity of intermediate supports despite being the typical shear‐critical section in actual members. To address related open questions, an experimental campaign comprising 20 shear tests on slab segments without shear reinforcement was conducted. Essentially, member width (b = 0.3 or 2.4 m) and support conditions were varied within the test program. Main goal of the experimental campaign was finding answers to the question whether one‐way flexural shear strength is influenced by the member's width. This has been addressed by generating results from pairs of tests which differed only in their width while having otherwise equal properties (b/h ≈ 1.0 and b/h ≈ 8.5). Eight such pairs were tested featuring different shear span lengths, rotational restrains at the support and longitudinal reinforcement ratios. In contrast to other experimental campaigns, shear tests near inner supports were incorporated in the experimental program. On average, the gain in shear capacity of the wide members compared to the reference linear member was proportional to the increase in width. It can thus be concluded that linear (beam‐shaped) specimens are suitable for representing one‐way shear capacity of RC slabs. Enhanced shear response of actual slabs can rather be ascribed to beneficial effects from loading and support conditions which enable to partially activate two‐way stress distribution or compressive membrane action. Additionally, rare occurrence of damages in RC slabs is not only to be attributed to an underestimation of capacity but probably also to an overestimation of design load.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐way flexural shear tests on wide reinforced concrete slab segments with simple and intermediate supports

Adam

Schmidt

Hegger

2022

Structural Concrete

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“…Hewitt and Batchelor describe compressive membrane action (CMA) as a phenomenon that occurs in laterally restrained slabs. Under the action of the load, changes of geometry cause the slab edges to tend to move outward and to react against the stiff boundary elements as shown in Figure 3 12 . This phenomenon cannot occur in slabs with the same strength in tension and compression.…”

Section: Compressive Membrane Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Punching Shear in Prestressed Concrete Deck Slabs: A Comprehensive Study

2023

"SP-357: Punching Shear of Concrete Slabs: Insights From New Materials, Tests, and Analysis Methods"

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A large number of bridges in the Netherlands have transversely post tensioned deck slabs cast in-situ between flanges of precast girders and were found to be critical in shear when evaluated by Eurocode 2. To investigate the bearing (punching shear) capacity of such bridges, a 1:2 scale bridge model was constructed in the laboratory and static tests were performed by varying the transverse prestressing level (TPL). A 3D solid, 1:2 scale model of the real bridge, similar to the experimental model, was developed in the finite element software DIANA and several nonlinear analyses were carried out. It was observed that the experimental and numerical ultimate load carrying capacity was much higher than predicted by the governing codes due to lack of consideration of compressive membrane action (CMA). In order to incorporate CMA in the Model Code 2010 (fib 2012) punching shear provisions for prestressed slabs, numerical and theoretical approaches were combined. As a result, sufficient factor of safety was observed when the real bridge design capacity was compared with the design wheel load of Eurocode 1. It was concluded that the existing bridges still had sufficient residual bearing capacity with no problems of serviceability and structural safety.

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“…However, another RC deck mechanism, namely, arching action or compressive membrane action, also contributes to the moment resistance. Studies of the arching action emerged in the 1970s with extensive experiments and analysis studies (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). A schematic of the arching action in RC decks is depicted in Figure 9.…”

Section: Structural Reliability Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability-Based Assessment of Concrete Decks Designed Using Approximate Method at the Strength I Limit State

Yang

Lou

Nassif

2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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The Approximate Method coupled with the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications (BDS) is applied for designing reinforced concrete bridge decks. Although the LRFD BDS has an intrinsic design return period of 75 years and a target reliability index of 3.5 at the Strength I Limit State, many concrete bridge decks exhibit much shorter service life. Besides the limitations of the crack control limit state at service, the inadequate nominal resistance at the Strength Limit State could contribute to the shortened service life. This paper presents a reliability-based assessment of the current concrete deck design provisions by utilizing actual truck load spectra collected from the national weigh-in-motion (WIM) data. Axle groups, including single axles, tandem axles, and tridem axles, were identified from the WIM data. The moment effects are obtained from influence surface analysis, formulating the live load statistics, particularly for the decks that are supported by girders. It was found that the current design load is not able to represent and envelop the actual traffic load. Additionally, the reliability indices are calculated for a series of reinforced concrete decks on account of both bending moment capacity and arching action moment capacity. The arching action was found to greatly enhance the reliability index for the positive moment region, providing satisfactory reliability indices. The negative moment region may or may not meet the target reliability index depending on the design criteria.

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Strength of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks Under Compressive Membrane Action

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

One‐way flexural shear tests on wide reinforced concrete slab segments with simple and intermediate supports

One‐way flexural shear tests on wide reinforced concrete slab segments with simple and intermediate supports

Punching Shear in Prestressed Concrete Deck Slabs: A Comprehensive Study

Reliability-Based Assessment of Concrete Decks Designed Using Approximate Method at the Strength I Limit State

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