Strength estimation of concrete masonry units using stress-wave methods

A Review of Emerging Technologies for an Assessment of Safety and Seismic Vulnerability and Damage Detection of Existing Masonry Structures

“…There are several new NDT and semi-NDT methods on the market, different in sophistication and purpose. As the focus of this research is mainly on masonry structures or combined masonry and concrete/timber structures, the most important NDT methods for existing masonry structures can be summarized: visual inspection [19], rebound hammer [20,21], measurement of reinforcement location [22], stress wave transmission [23], ultrasonic velocity testing [24], sonic velocity testing [25,26], surface penetrating radar [25,27], infrared thermography [28], flatjack tests [29,30], damage identification using impact vibrations [31], acoustic emission [32], etc. The basic advantages and disadvantages of the mentioned methods are described in Table 1.…”

Dynamic modulus of elasticity and compressive strength evaluations of modified reactive powder concrete (MRPC) by non-destructive ultrasonic pulse velocity method

“…account when using it for strength estimation. [19] The RPC appears to have linear-elastic, isotropic properties within some limits. It is possible to use this characteristic to estimate elastic properties of the material, and there was close correlation with statically measured properties in the small number of specimens tested.…”

Wavelet packet energy–based damage identification of wood utility poles using support vector machine multi-classifier and evidence theory

“…3 Due to the slower wave propagation in damaged wood compared to intact wood, SWs can be employed to evaluate the health condition of the pile or pole through calculating the wave travelling time at increasing positions along the structure. [4][5][6] To date, different SW-based assessment approaches have been proposed such as the sonic echo method, 7,8 impulse response method 9 and bending wave (BW) method. [10][11][12] For the testing of first two methods, an impact is imparted from the top of a pile/pole structure (generating longitudinal waves) and reflection measurements (echoes) from the bottom of the structure are evaluated to assess the condition and determine the length of the structure.…”