Strength enhancements in cold-formed structural sections — Part II: Predictive models

Rossi, Barbara; Afshan, Sheida; Gardner, Leroy

doi:10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.12.007

Cited by 115 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…bending residual stresses) presence in the material properties extracted from manufactured profiles in the case of cold-formed sections [18,[35][36][37] and their limited influence on the behaviour of similar studied sections [25,36,38,39]. For simplicity, and with little influence when the results are considered on a normalised basis, corner strength enhancements [40][41][42][43] were also omitted from the models.…”

Section: Fe Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material and local buckling response of ferritic stainless steel sections

Bock

Gardner²,

Real³

2015

Thin-Walled Structures

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An investigation into the material response and local buckling behaviour of ferritic stainless steel structural cross-sections is presented in this paper. Particular attention is given to the strain hardening characteristics and ductility since these differ most markedly from the more common austenitic and duplex stainless steel grades. Based on collated stress-strain data on ferritic stainless steel, key aspects of the material model given in Annex C of EN 1993-1-4 [1] were evaluated and found to require adjustment. Proposed modifications are presented herein.The local buckling behaviour of ferritic stainless steel sections in compression and bending was examined numerically, using the finite element (FE) package ABAQUS. The studied section types were cold-formed square hollow sections (SHS), rectangular hollow sections (RHS) and channels, as well as welded I-sections. The models were first validated against experimental data collected from the literature, after which parametric studies were performed to generate data over a wide range of section geometries and slendernesses. The obtained numerical results, together with existing experimental data from the literature were used to assess the applicability of the slenderness limits and effective width formulae set out in EN 1993-1-4 [1] to ferritic stainless steel sections.The comparisons of the generated FE results for ferritic stainless steel with the design provisions of EN 1993-1-4 [1], highlighted, in line with other stainless steel grades, the inherent conservatism associated with the use of the 0.2% proof stress as the limiting design stress. To overcome this, the continuous strength method (CSM) was developed as an alternative design approach to exploit the deformation capacity and strain hardening potential of stocky cross-sections. An extension of the method to ferritic stainless steels, including the specification of a revised strain hardening slope for the CSM material model, is proposed herein. Comparisons with test and FE data showed that the CSM predictions are more accurate and consistent than existing provisions thus leading to significant material savings and hence more efficient structural design.

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Section: Fe Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material and local buckling response of ferritic stainless steel sections

Bock

Gardner²,

Real³

2015

Thin-Walled Structures

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“…Kod tih profila zona prijevoja obuhvaća i efektivnu širinu od 2t izvan prijevoja. Rossi i dr. [35] definiraju inovativni i opći analitički model procjene konvencionalne granice razvlačenja u funkciji plastičnih deformacija koje nastaju u svim fazama postupka …”

Section: Utjecaj Hladnog Oblikovanja Na Mehanička Svojstva Materijalaunclassified

Specifičnosti ponašanja tlačnih elemenata od nehrđajućeg čelika

2015

JCE

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Specifičnosti ponašanja tlačnih elemenata od nehrđajućeg čelikaNehrđajući čelik odlikuje niz specifičnosti koje određuju drugačije ponašanje konstrukcijskih elemenata od ovog materijala u odnosu na ekvivalentne od ugljičnog čelika. Ova svojstva, osobito izražena kod tlačnih elemenata, očituju se u nelinearnom odnosu naprezanja i deformacija i izraženim utjecajima očvršćenja materijala uslijed hladnog oblikovanja. U radu su prikazani osnovni principi proračuna tlačnih hladno oblikovanih elemenata od nehrđajućih čelika koji su obuhvaćeni suvremenim tehničkim propisima ili su rezultat aktualnih istraživanja. Specific features of stainless steel compression elementsStainless steel has a number of features that define different behaviour of structural elements made of this material, as related to equivalent carbon steel elements. These properties, especially prominent in case of compression elements, are manifested through the nonlinear stress and strain relationship, pronounced influences of material hardening due to cold forming. Basic principles for the analysis of coldformed stainless steel compression elements, either included in modern technical regulations, or resulting from current research, are presented in this paper.

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“…In the construction domain, stainless steel was mainly used as cladding (inside or outside) thanks to its aesthetic expression: the Francois Mitterand Library in Paris (Arch. Dominique Perrault) where stainless steel mesh was used for the interior ceiling, the Torre Caja in Madrid covered with patterned stainless steel cladding, the New Justice Palace in Anvers (see Figure 3) characterized by a shiny stainless steel roofing [2].…”

Section: Examples Of Applications In the Construction Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discussion on the use of stainless steel in constructions in view of sustainability

Rossi

2014

Thin-Walled Structures

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Recent years have seen an increase in the use of stainless steel in buildings, mainly owing to its corrosion properties and therefore long service life. Among stainless steels, ferritic and lean duplex grades are characterized by low nickel content resulting in a more cost-stable and economic material compared to austenitic stainless steels. These grades have comparable (or even higher) strength than carbon steel and good corrosion resistance at lower cost. That is why, lately, they have been more often used in structural components. In this paper, attention is firstly paid to the advantages associated with the use of stainless steel in recent construction STAINLESS STEEL IN CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS General introductionStainless steel is a steel alloy that contains more than 10.5% of chromium. The chromium content in mass ranges from 10.5% to 30% [1]. Depending on the microstructure, four families of stainless steel exist: martensitic, ferritic, austenitic and austeno-ferritic (duplex) stainless steels. Their physical, chemical and mechanical properties vary with the chemical composition (and consequently the family) but each of them is characterized by the ability of forming a selfrepairing protective oxide layer providing corrosion resistance, a higher chromium content enhancing the corrosion and oxidation resistance. In addition to this, nickel -which is present in the chemical composition of austenitic and duplex grades -extends the scope of aggressive environments that stainless steels can support. Figure 1 shows the range of chromium and nickel content of the four families of stainless steels.The most popular grade is the austenitic grade 1.4301 (AISI 304) containing 18% chromium and 8% nickel. This grade has excellent corrosion resistance and is highly ductile. In the construction domain, this grade is available in the following forms: sheet, plate, welded mesh, bar and sections. More specific alloy additions enhance the corrosion resistance. The 1.4401 (AISI 316) grade containing an addition of molybdenum has improved corrosion resistance and is usually regarded as the outdoor grade (sometimes even labelled as the marine grade).While in atmospheres containing chlorides (e.g. indoor swimming pools), especially if the surface cannot be cleaned regularly, specific grades, such as super austenitic grades 1.4529 and 1.4565 for example, offer good alternatives.Ferritic grades do not contain nickel. At ambient temperature, the stress-strain behaviour of these grades is similar to the one of traditional carbon steel while austenitic grades present a large strain-hardening domain up to 50% of elongation at fracture (see Figure 2). Ferritic grades differ principally from austenitic grades in that they have higher mechanical strengths (approx. 250-330 N/mm 2 0.2% proof strength) and lower thermal expansion (10 to 12 10 -6 K -1 ).Duplex types, presenting a microstructure made of austenite and ferrite, share some of the properties of both families, and are mechanically stronger than either ferritic or austenitic ty...

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Strength enhancements in cold-formed structural sections — Part II: Predictive models

Cited by 115 publications

References 17 publications

Material and local buckling response of ferritic stainless steel sections

Material and local buckling response of ferritic stainless steel sections

Specifičnosti ponašanja tlačnih elemenata od nehrđajućeg čelika

Discussion on the use of stainless steel in constructions in view of sustainability

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