Strength development of cement-treated soils: Effects of water content, carbonation, and pozzolanic reaction under drying curing condition

Ho, Lanh Si; Nakarai, Kenichiro; Ogawa, Yuko; Sasaki, Takashi; Morioka, Minoru

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.065

Cited by 82 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although the amount of medium-sized pores, of around 0.5 μm, increases slightly after carbonation, the amount of small-sized and large-sized pores notably reduces during carbonation. is phenomenon is consistent with the conclusions reached by Cui et al [17], Du et al [9], and Ho et al [31], which observed reduced pore volume for specimens experiencing carbonation, further leading to improved strength and leaching properties of the specimen. Morandeau et al [42] and Cui et al [17] indicated that the formation and growth of CaCO 3 during carbonation clogged the pores and reduced their sizes.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysis Of Carbonation Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Investigations on carbonation mechanism showed that the formation of an insoluble salt of CaCO 3 resulted in clogged pores with reduced pore size, which not only changed the carbonation front and propagation rate [17,23,28], but also improved the strength and leaching characteristics of the stabilized material [6,27,28]. e significant effect of carbonation on the short-term and longterm strengths had been confirmed by Chen et al [29], Nakarai and Yoshida [30], Du et al [9], and Ho et al [31], wherein the strength of cement-treated soil experienced an increase initially followed by a slight decrease over a long period. e microstructural analysis presented that Ca(OH) 2 was primarily produced by cement hydration and consumed by carbonation and pozzolanic reactions, whereas CaCO 3 was mostly provided by the carbonation of Ca(OH) 2 and C-S-H. e rapid increase in the strength initially was attributed to an increase in the amount of CaCO 3 provided by Ca(OH) 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…is shows significant mineralogical changes in the specimen after carbonation. Compared to the results of noncarbonated zones, Ca(OH) 2 disappears and CaCO 3 emerges in the fully carbonated zone with almost constant amount of C-S-H. Castellote et al [43], Ho et al [31], and Shah et al [40] reported that the formation of CaCO 3 was mostly due to the carbonation of the hydration products including Ca(OH) 2 and C-S-H gel, which resulted in different volumetric characteristics during carbonation. It is evident that the conversion of Ca(OH) 2 into CaCO 3 is the main mechanism that controls the carbonation behavior in lime-stabilized expansive soils.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysis Of Carbonation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Experimental Investigation on Carbonation Behavior in Lime‐Stabilized Expansive Soil

Zha

Liu

et al. 2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

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e carbonation behavior of lime-stabilized expansive soil is important for assessing the stabilization efficiency from the perspective of durability. In this study, the accelerated carbonation tests, measurement of pH value distribution, and the free swell ratio tests were conducted to investigate the evolutions of carbonation depth, carbonation extent, and expansive potential of limestabilized expansive soil. XRD, MIP, and SEM techniques were adopted as supplements to reveal the carbonation mechanism. Results demonstrated that the carbonation depth of lime-stabilized expansive soil increased significantly as time elapsed; however, the rate of increase reduced when the carbonation time increased. Higher carbonation depth was obtained at higher temperature and CO 2 concentration and lower relative humidity, which was described by an empirical model. Fully, partly, and noncarbonated zones were subsequently presented with an increase in the depth of the soil. e expansive potential of lime-stabilized expansive soil was partially recovered during carbonation. e obtained linear relationships between the free swell ratio and pH value were adopted to describe the evolution of expansive behavior with carbonation time and depth. In microstructural analysis, the conversion of portlandite into calcium carbonate was significant, which resulted in changes in microstructure and controlled the carbonation behavior.

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Section: Microstructural Analysis Of Carbonation Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Microstructural Analysis Of Carbonation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Experimental Investigation on Carbonation Behavior in Lime‐Stabilized Expansive Soil

Zha

Liu

et al. 2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

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“…In the short term, the compressive strength of soil concrete is mainly associated to the cement hydration. Meanwhile, in the long term, it may be provided by the hydration reaction and the pozzolanic reactions between clay minerals and calcium hydroxide formed by the cement hydration [15]. The measured compressive strength of soil concrete is low ranging from 1.0 to 2.4 MPa at 28 days compared with ordinary concrete.…”

Section: Compressive Strength Of Soil Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a new soil concrete as an eco-material: Effect of clay and hemp fibers proportions

Chinh

Tan

2020

STCE

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This study presents a series of soil concrete mix that is made of excavated soils, cement, lime and hemp fibers. An experimental program was carried out on the testing samples of soil concrete with different proportions of clayey soil and hemp fibers. This program focus on several properties of soil concrete, such as compressive strength, autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage and water mass loss with time. The obtained results show that the compressive strength of soil concrete increases even after 28 days, and can be reduced significantly with increasing the proportion of clayey soil. The effect of clayey soil on the properties tested of soil concrete is more than that of hemp fibers. In addition, drying shrinkage associated with water mass loss allows to describe the drying process of soil concrete. Keywords: soil concrete; hemp fibers; compressive strength; autogenous shrinkage; drying shrinkage; water mass loss.

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“…Table 2 shows the mix proportions of the cementtreated sand, where water/cement (W/C) was chosen to be 100%. Details of the mixing procedure can be found in previous studies [14,15]. After mixing, cylindrical specimens 50 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height were cast by compaction using a rammer with a weight of 1.5 kg based on the JCAS L-01:2006 standard.…”

Section: Proportions Mixing and Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength development of cement-treated sand using different cement types cured at different temperatures

Nakarai

Eguchi

et al. 2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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This study aimed to investigate the strength development of cement-treated sand using different cement types: ordinary Portland cement (OPC), high early strength Portland cement (HPC), and moderate heat Portland cement (MPC) cured at different temperatures. The cementtreated sand specimens were prepared with 8% of cement content and cured under sealed conditions at 20οC and 40οC, and mortar specimens were also prepared for reference. The results showed that the compressive strength of cement-treated sand increased in order of MPC, OPC, and HPC under high curing temperatures. It was interesting that the compressive strength of the specimens using HPC was much larger than that of the specimen using OPC and MPC under 20οC due to the larger amount of chemically bound water. Additionally, it was revealed that under high curing temperatures, the pozzolanic reaction was accelerated in the cement-treated sand; this may be caused by the high proportions of sand in the mixtures.

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Strength development of cement-treated soils: Effects of water content, carbonation, and pozzolanic reaction under drying curing condition

Cited by 82 publications

References 21 publications

Experimental Investigation on Carbonation Behavior in Lime‐Stabilized Expansive Soil

Experimental Investigation on Carbonation Behavior in Lime‐Stabilized Expansive Soil

Design of a new soil concrete as an eco-material: Effect of clay and hemp fibers proportions

Strength development of cement-treated sand using different cement types cured at different temperatures

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