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Physical injuries are almost a norm among athletes. In a sport such as rowing, the common injuries among rowers concentrated on the lower back, knee and wrist regions. Henceforth, rowers participate in various training regimes such as aerobic training, resistance training, concurrent training and interval training in order to minimize the occurrence of injuries. Nevertheless, since injuries among rowers are still reported despite this efforts, experts raised questions on the effectiveness on a number of the training regimes. This study gives a special focus on eccentric training. Eccentric training is proven to improve musculoskeletal function in human body such as strength, endurance and physical power. However, with respect to the science among rowers; there are inconclusive results gathered from literature on the benefits given by eccentric training especially at core body section. The objective of this concept paper is to determine the effects of eccentric training in delaying muscle fatigue, changing in physical characteristic and improving physical related fitness performance among rowers. The objective will be achieved by measuring the muscle activation and muscle fatigue of a number of selected muscles among rowers by using surface electromyography (sEMG). This sEMG measurement will be performed during rowing performance 2000m maximal effort. It is hypothesized that eccentric training may appear to demonstrate greater improvement on physical development among rowers in comparison to other training regimes. There are need of studies on benefits of eccentric to confirm the controvert finding especially on rowing population regarding delaying muscle fatigue. This is crucial to reduce the risk of injuries among rowers. The findings from this study such as the type of exercises, intensity and intensity for eccentric training will contribute new knowledge upon prescribing eccentric training regime to rowers.
Physical injuries are almost a norm among athletes. In a sport such as rowing, the common injuries among rowers concentrated on the lower back, knee and wrist regions. Henceforth, rowers participate in various training regimes such as aerobic training, resistance training, concurrent training and interval training in order to minimize the occurrence of injuries. Nevertheless, since injuries among rowers are still reported despite this efforts, experts raised questions on the effectiveness on a number of the training regimes. This study gives a special focus on eccentric training. Eccentric training is proven to improve musculoskeletal function in human body such as strength, endurance and physical power. However, with respect to the science among rowers; there are inconclusive results gathered from literature on the benefits given by eccentric training especially at core body section. The objective of this concept paper is to determine the effects of eccentric training in delaying muscle fatigue, changing in physical characteristic and improving physical related fitness performance among rowers. The objective will be achieved by measuring the muscle activation and muscle fatigue of a number of selected muscles among rowers by using surface electromyography (sEMG). This sEMG measurement will be performed during rowing performance 2000m maximal effort. It is hypothesized that eccentric training may appear to demonstrate greater improvement on physical development among rowers in comparison to other training regimes. There are need of studies on benefits of eccentric to confirm the controvert finding especially on rowing population regarding delaying muscle fatigue. This is crucial to reduce the risk of injuries among rowers. The findings from this study such as the type of exercises, intensity and intensity for eccentric training will contribute new knowledge upon prescribing eccentric training regime to rowers.
In order to investigate the effects of different warm-up protocols on one repetition maximum (1RM ) leg press performance, 23 rowers (age 21.48±3.12 years, height 185.17±8.22 cm, body mass 83.86 ±8.7 kg.) completed 1RM leg press tests after four different general warmup conditions with a standardized specific warm-up. The workloads of the warm-up protocols were individually designed according to the results of the incremental maximal rowing ergometer test that applied initially. The duration of the protocols were fixed as 15 minutes (min.) for each participant, but there were differences in the intensity of the warm-up. In statistical analysis, warm-up conditions were set as fixed factor while participants as a random factor. Tukey post hoc test was employed whenever a significant difference was found. A probability level of 0.05 was established to determine statistical significance. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPPS version 20.As a conclusion, approximately 4% higher 1 RM results were obtained after low intensity (40% of VO 2Max ) protocols which contain two intermittent sprints that last 15 seconds in the last 5 min. of the protocol. Thus, the results of the present study are important for both practical and research environments.
Maximal power production has been shown to be a differentiating factor between playing levels in many sports and is thus a focus of many strength and conditioning programmes. We sought to evaluate the duration for which a strategy of training with the optimal load (that maximizes power output) will be effective in producing improvements in power output in the bench pull (BP). The optimal load that produced the maximum power output in the BP was determined for 21 male university athletes who were randomly assigned to a group that trained with their optimal load or a load 10% of their 1 repetition maximum below the optimal load. Both groups completed 2 sessions per week for 4 weeks, after which their power output capabilities were reassessed. They then trained for a further 3 weeks with a load that was modified to reflect changes in their optimal load. The cohort as a whole had improved their peak power output by 4.6% (p = 0.002, d = 0.290) after 4 weeks of training but experienced no further increase after another 3 weeks of training. There were no significant differences in the response to training between the 2 groups. This study suggests that improvements in power output can be realized within a few weeks when training with the optimal load but training in such a way for a longer duration may be ineffective. Strength and conditioning coaches should consider periodizing power training to maximize gains in power output capabilities.
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