Strength and power changes of the human plantar flexors and knee extensors in response to resistance training in old age

Ferri, Alessandra; Scaglioni, Gil; Pousson, Michel; Capodaglio, Paolo; Hoecke, Jacques Van; Narici, MV

doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01050.x

Cited by 245 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Resistance exercise training interventions were shown effective in augmenting skeletal muscle mass, increasing muscle strength and/or improving functional capacity in the elderly (97,98,(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112)(113)(114)(115)(116)(117)(118)(119) . In addition, endurance (97,98,(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110) exercise was shown to enhance the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, resulting in greater endurance capacity (5,120) .…”

Section: Long-term Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Koopman

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Ageing is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to the loss of functional capacity and an increased risk for developing chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results from a chronic disruption in the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. As basal muscle protein synthesis rates are likely not different between healthy young and elderly human subjects, it was proposed that muscles from older adults lack the ability to regulate the protein synthetic response to anabolic stimuli, such as food intake and physical activity. Indeed, the doseresponse relationship between myofibrillar protein synthesis and the availability of essential amino acids and/or resistance exercise intensity is shifted down and to the right in elderly human subjects. This so-called 'anabolic resistance' represents a key factor responsible for the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass. Interestingly, long-term resistance exercise training is effective as a therapeutic intervention to augment skeletal muscle mass, and improves functional performance in the elderly. The consumption of different types of proteins, i.e. protein hydrolysates, can have different stimulatory effects on muscle protein synthesis in the elderly, which may be due to their higher rate of digestion and absorption. Current research aims to elucidate the interactions between nutrition, exercise and the skeletal muscle adaptive response that will define more effective strategies to maximise the therapeutic benefits of lifestyle interventions in the elderly. Sarcopenia: Nutrition: Exercise training: Muscle hypertrophyThe preservation of muscle function is crucial for maintaining an independent lifestyle and the capacity to perform the activities of daily living in the elderly. One of the important factors in the loss of functional performance is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing, called 'sarcopenia' (1)(2)(3) . This apparent muscle wasting in elderly human subjects occurs at a rate of about 0 . 5-1 . 0% per year starting at about 40 years of age. Lean muscle mass contributes up to about 50% of the total body mass of young adults but can decline to 25% by 75-80 years of age (4,5) . The loss of muscle mass is most notable in the lower limb muscles, with the cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis reduced by as much as 40% at the age of 80 years (6) . Sarcopenia is associated with a three-to fourfold increased likelihood of disabilities and the loss of muscle mass especially in the lower limbs is associated with an increased risk of falls and impairment in the ability to perform routine activities.The loss of muscle mass is viewed as a largely inevitable and undesirable consequence of ageing (7) , with muscle loss estimated to affect 30% of people older than 60 years and >50 % of those older than 80 years (1) . Demographic studies indicate that the world's population aged 60 years and above will triple within the next 50 years, and the su...

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Section: Long-term Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Koopman

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…These data are consistent with the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines, which recommend 70-80% intensity to produce muscle hypertrophy and strength gains (American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand, 1998). In addition, HIT has been shown to be effective for a wide range of purposes, from improving weightlifting performance for athletes (Brechue and Abe, 2002) to counteracting sarcopenia in the elderly (Ferri et al, 2003;Frontera et al, 1988). However, the high intensity required for muscle adaptation with traditional resistance exercise may not be practical, and may even be dangerous when carried out without proper supervision, in the elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted leg muscle blood flow: implications for training duration and frequency

Abe

Kearns

Fujita

et al. 2009

Int. J. KAATSU Ttaining Res.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate once-daily walk training with restricted leg blood flow (KAATSU) on thigh muscle size and strength. Twelve young men performed walk training: KAATSUwalk training (n=6) and control (no KAATSU-walk; n=6). Training was conducted once daily, 6 days per week, for 3 weeks. Treadmill walking (50 m/min) was performed for 5 sets of 2-min bouts interspersed with 1-min rest periods. The KAATSU-walk group wore pressure cuff belts (5 cm wide) on both legs during training, with incremental increases in external compression starting at 160 mmHg and ending at 230 mmHg. Thigh muscle volume and isometric and 1-repetition maximal (1-RM) strength were measured before and after training. In the KAATSU-walk group, quadriceps and hamstrings muscle volume increased 1.7 and 2.4% (both P<0.05), respectively, following training. One-RM leg press and leg curl increased 7.3 and 8.6% (both P<0.05), respectively, following KAATSU-walk training. Also, isometric knee extension strength (4.4%; P<0.01), but not knee flexion strength (1.7%), increased following KAATSU-walk training. There were no changes in muscle volume or strength in the control-walk group. These results confirm previous work showing that the combination of slow walk training and leg muscle blood flow restriction induces muscle hypertrophy and strength gains. However, the magnitude of change in muscle mass and strength following oncedaily KAATSU-walk training was approximately one-half that reported for twice-daily KAATSU-walk training over a 3-week period. These results in combination with previous observations lead to the conclusion that the impact of KAATSU-walk training on muscle size and strength is related to an ability to accomplish a high number of training bouts within a compressed training duration. Second, frequency-dependent muscle enlargement appears to be associated with KAATSU-walk training.

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“…Methodological differences make study comparisons difficult, although the majority of investigators have suggested that collagen loss occurs in older individuals [84][85][86] . A substantial component of age-related strength loss may be the result of inactivity and can be modified by an appropriate exercise program [87][88][89][90][91][92] . Studies have shown that collagen and elastin production, along with collagen fibril diameter and collagen cross-linking, decrease as a result of age 82 .…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%