Strength and Durability Parameters of Brick Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Rice Husk Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement

Abstract

This study assessed the strength and durability parameters of brick aggregate concrete (BAC) incorporating rice husk ash (RHA) as a partial replacement of cement. For this, concrete cylinders (100 mm × 200 mm) were made with 0% (control) to 25% RHA as a partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at a mix proportion of 1 : 1.5 : 3 and a water-to-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.50. Specimens were immersed separately in normal water, 3% sodium chloride (NaCl), 5% sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), 5% magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), 1% hydrochloric acid (HCl), and 1% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solutions for several immersion periods. The slump test results indicated that the workability of BAC containing RHA (RBAC) decreased about 29.69%–75.02% compared to control (0% RHA). After 90 days, the BAC containing RHA (up to 15% replacement) was found approximately 2.28%–6.64% greater compressive strength than that of control concrete. In addition, water absorption and porosity of RBAC were around 17.59%–40.73% and 12.12%–35.68% lower than that of control concrete, respectively. Similarly, RBAC (up to 25% replacement) exhibited roughly 35.62%–54.79% higher resistance against chloride attack and 0.39%–4.56% better resistance against Na2SO4 attack (up to 15% replacement), however, it exhibited inferior resistance against MgSO4 attack compared to control. Meanwhile, BAC with 10% RHA showed about 5.35% and 1.00% superior performance than that of control concrete against HCl and H2SO4 attack, respectively. The relationships between the strength and durability parameters of RBAC also suggested that RHA contributes to improving the strength and durability parameters of BAC.

Mechanical properties and microstructure of brick aggregate concrete with raw fly ash as a partial replacement of cement

“…The authors [ 15 ] also claimed that Class C ash indicates higher earlier strength than Class F ash. On the other hand, coarse aggregate plays a vital role in the strength of concrete [ 16 ]. Recently, crushed brick has become more popular in South Asia as a coarse aggregate in making concrete due to the scarcity of stone aggregate [ [16] , [17] , [18] ].…”

“…On the other hand, coarse aggregate plays a vital role in the strength of concrete [ 16 ]. Recently, crushed brick has become more popular in South Asia as a coarse aggregate in making concrete due to the scarcity of stone aggregate [ [16] , [17] , [18] ]. Several studies have already been made to evaluate the strength of concrete with FA in stone aggregate concrete [ 19 , 20 ].…”

“…Although many attempts have been made to use FA in stone aggregate concrete [ [9] , [10] , [11] , 15 , 21 ], none of these researchers considered crushed brick as coarse aggregate including raw FA. However, a great number of researchers [ 16 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have studied the properties of brick aggregate concrete (BAC), but, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, only a few researchers [ 7 ] used FA as a partial replacement of cement in concrete, which was made of 50% crushed brick plus 50% stone chips as coarse aggregate. However, these researches [ 7 , [9] , [10] , [11] , 15 , 16 , 21 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have not investigated concrete using raw FA as a partial replacement of cement with 100% brick chips as coarse aggregate.…”

“…However, a great number of researchers [ 16 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have studied the properties of brick aggregate concrete (BAC), but, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, only a few researchers [ 7 ] used FA as a partial replacement of cement in concrete, which was made of 50% crushed brick plus 50% stone chips as coarse aggregate. However, these researches [ 7 , [9] , [10] , [11] , 15 , 16 , 21 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have not investigated concrete using raw FA as a partial replacement of cement with 100% brick chips as coarse aggregate. In addition, none of these studies [ 7 , [9] , [10] , [11] , 15 , 16 , 21 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have assessed the relationship between compressive strength and other mechanical properties (such as split tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity) of BAC containing raw FA as a partial replacement of cement at a constant mix proportion of 1:1.5:3 (cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate) and a water-to-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.50.…”

Application of rice husk ash in brick aggregate concrete to improve the permeability and resistance against acid and sulfate attack

“…The studies of brick aggregate concrete modified with rice husk ash (brick-ash concrete) are very limited and only two experimental studies have evaluated the strength of this type of concrete. Only one study evaluated the durability of the newer type of concrete for 90 days of exposure to acid and sulfate [26]. Further durability study for an extended exposure period is required to evaluate the effectiveness of rice husk ash for the improvement of the durability properties of brick aggregate concrete.…”