Strength and Conditioning for Reality Fighting

Amtmann, John; Berry, Steve

doi:10.1519/1533-4295(2003)025<0067:sacfrf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a growing combat sport worldwide that incorporates grappling and striking motor actions, in both standing and ground positions (1, 2), which requires high physical fitness demands (3-5). MMA matches generally have three rounds lasting 5 minutes each, with the exception of main events and/or title fights, which have five 5-minutes rounds (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main objective of fighters is to apply knockouts (KO), technical knockouts (TKO) or submissions to achieve victory over their opponents, however, a fight can also be won by judge’s decision or disqualification (2, 3, 6). To improve the specific skills, simulated sparring matches are often a crucial component in combat sports training programs (1) and periodization processes (7). It is already well established that sports induce acute and chronic metabolic changes through training and competition (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, considering that i) strength and conditioning programs are quite complex to design and apply in MMA (25) and ii) sparring matches are a relevant component of training (1, 7, 25) the behavior of metabolic parameters in the training and competitive environments is particularly relevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical Differences Between Official and Simulated Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) Matches

et al. 2016

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BackgroundOne of the goals for training in combat sports is to mimic real situations. For mixed martial arts (MMA), simulated sparring matches are a frequent component during training, but a there is a lack of knowledge considering the differences in sparring and competitive environments.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to compare biochemical responses to sparring and official MMA matches.Materials and MethodsTwenty five male professional MMA fighters were evaluated during official events (OFF = 12) and simulated matches (SIM = 13). For both situations, blood samples were taken before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) matches. For statistical analysis, two-way analysis of variance (time x group and time x winner) were used to compare the dependent parametric variables. For non-parametric data, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used and differences were confirmed by Mann-Whitney tests.ResultsNo significant differences were observed among the groups for demographic variables. The athletes were 26.5 ± 5 years with 80 ± 10 kg, 1.74 ± 0.05 m and had 39.4 ± 25 months of training experience. Primary results indicated higher blood glucose concentration prior to fights for OFF group (OFF= 6.1 ± 1.2 mmol/L and SIM= 4.4 ± 0.7 mmol/L; P < 0.01) and higher ALT values for OFF group at both time points (OFF: PRE = 41.2 ± 12 U/L, POST = 44.2 ± 14.1 U/L; SIM: PRE = 28.1 ± 13.8 U/L, POST = 30.5 ± 12.5 U/L; P = 0.001). In addition, the blood lactate showed similar responses for both groups (OFF: PRE= 4 [3.4 - 4.4] mmol/L, POST= 16.9 [13.8 - 23.5] mmol/L; SIM: PRE = 3.8 [2.8 - 5.5] mmol/L, POST= 16.8 [12.3 - 19.2] mmol/L; P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn conclusion, MMA official and simulated matches induce similar high intensity glycolytic demands and minimal changes to biochemical markers of muscle damage immediately following the fights. Glycolytic availability prior to the fights was raised exclusively in response to official matches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical Differences Between Official and Simulated Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) Matches

et al. 2016

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“…This is most clearly evidenced by a) the value of strength/power conditioning in contemporary training for combat sports (Amtmann and Berry 2003;La Bounty et al 2011), b) the ubiquitous use of weight categories in combat sports as a means to minimize strength differences between contestants, and c) the equally ubiquitous practice among combat sports athletes of dramatically reducing body weight just prior to contests in an attempt to obtain a strength advantage over opponents (Horswill 2009). Human males exhibit a wide variety of morphological attributes consistent with a history of intrasexual selection through agonistic competition (Archer 2009;Puts, 2010, Sell et al 2012Morgan & Carrier 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Men’s Physical Strength Moderates Conceptualizations of Prospective Foes in Two Disparate Societies

Fessler

Holbrook

Gervais

2014

Hum Nat

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Rapid Weight Loss Elicits Harmful Biochemical and Hormonal Responses in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes

Coswig

Fukuda²,

Vecchio³

2015

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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The purpose of this study was to compare biochemical and hormonal responses between mixed martial arts (MMA) competitors with minimal prefight weight loss and those undergoing rapid weight loss (RWL). Blood samples were taken from 17 MMA athletes (Mean± SD; age: 27.4 ±5.3yr; body mass: 76.2 ± 12.4kg; height: 1.71 ± 0.05m and training experience: 39.4 ± 25 months) before and after each match, according to the official events rules. The no rapid weight loss (NWL, n = 12) group weighed in on the day of the event (~30 min prior fight) and athletes declared not having used RWL strategies, while the RWL group (n = 5) weighed in 24 hr before the event and the athletes claimed to have lost 7.4 ± 1.1kg, approximately 10% of their body mass in the week preceding the event. Results showed significant (p < .05) increases following fights, regardless of group, in lactate, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, and cortisol for all athletes. With regard to group differences, NWL had significantly (p < .05) greater creatinine levels (Mean± SD; pre to post) (NWL= 101.6 ± 15-142.3 ± 22.9μmol/L and RWL= 68.9 ± 10.6-79.5 ± 15.9μmol/L), while RWL had higher LDH (median [interquartile range]; pre to post) (NWL= 211.5[183-236] to 231[203-258]U/L and RWL= 390[370.5-443.5] to 488[463.5-540.5]U/L) and AST (NWL= 30[22-37] to 32[22-41]U/L and 39[32.5-76.5] to 72[38.5-112.5] U/L) values (NWL versus RWL, p < .05). Post hoc analysis showed that AST significantly increased in only the RWL group, while creatinine increased in only the NWL group. The practice of rapid weight loss showed a negative impact on energy availability and increased both muscle damage markers and catabolic expression in MMA fighters.

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Strength and Conditioning for Reality Fighting

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Biochemical Differences Between Official and Simulated Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) Matches

Biochemical Differences Between Official and Simulated Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) Matches

Men’s Physical Strength Moderates Conceptualizations of Prospective Foes in Two Disparate Societies

Rapid Weight Loss Elicits Harmful Biochemical and Hormonal Responses in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes

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