Strength and adhesion characteristics of elementary flax fibres with different surface treatments

Joffe, Roberts; Andersons, J.; Wallström, Lennart

doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(03)00099-x

Cited by 174 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In the two most extreme cases, the cross sectional area can be estimated from the minor axis, a, and the major axis, b, respectively. Then, the cross sectional areas are calculated to be (3) so that the tensile strength would be calculated as (4) where the subcripts max and min refer to the maximum and minimum values, respectively. Combining Equations (2) and (4), the ratio between the strengths assuming a circular cross section and the (true) elliptical cross section can be calculated.…”

Section: Cross Sectional Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural fibres are renewable resources that are used in a wide range of industrial applications such as textiles and increasingly in polymer composites, as an alternative to synthetic fibres. Flax fibres (Linum usitatissimum) are widely studied plant-based natural fibres for use as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flax fibres are known to show a large variability in their measured mechanical properties [2,3]. Due to uncertainties about the reasons for the variability of fibre properties, and the influence of this variability on the final mechanical properties of the composites, flax fibres are often employed only in low grade composite applications [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variability in fibre properties can be ascribed either to the variability introduced by the applied experimental characterisation method, or to the inherent variability of the flax fibres themselves. A typical approach of evaluating the cross sectional area of the fibres as being circular, and to use the measured fibre "diameter" to calculate the cross-sectional area is a rough approximation since the fibres have a polygonal shape [3,[5][6][7][8]. Furthermore, the fibres are known to vary in their cross sectional area along the fibre length [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strength variability of single flax fibres

et al. 2011

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Due to the typical large variability in the measured mechanical properties of flax fibres, they are often employed only in low graded composite applications. The present work aims to investigate the reasons for the variability in tensile properties of flax fibres. It is found that the inaccuracy in the determination of the cross sectional area of the fibres is one major reason for the variability in properties. By applying the typical circular fibre area assumption, a considerable error is introduced into the calculated mechanical properties. Experimental data, together with a simple analytical model, are presented to show that the error is increased when the aspect ratio of the fibre cross sectional shape is increased. The variability in properties due to the flax fibres themselves is found to originate from the distribution of defects along the fibres. Two distinctive types of stress-strain behaviour (linear and nonlinear) of the fibres are found to be correlated with the amount of defects. The linear stress-strain curves tend to show higher tensile strength, higher Young's modulus, and lower strain to failure than the nonlinear curves. Finally, the fibres are found to fracture by a complex microscale failure mechanism. Large fracture zones are governed by both surface and internal defects; and these cause cracks to propagate in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Revision of manuscript submitted to Journal of Materials ScienceReference Number JMSC22209 "Strength Variability of Single Flax Fibres" by Aslan et al. Dear EditorThe authors would like to thank the two referees for their constructive comments. The authors have now carefully considered each of the referees' reports which are shown in italic and have taken them into account as described below. Reviewer #1 This is a well-written paper which presents important results with clarity. It complements two papers I have recently seen in refereeing:(1) We have modified the fibre information accordingly at page 3, line 9-13. (1) Thomason et al on 'fibre cross section determination and variability in sisal and flax and its effect on fibre performance characterization' (Composites Science and Technology CSTE-D-11- Response to Reviewer Comments (3) Reference 8 should be Virk AS, Hall W, Summerscales J (not Amandeep, Wayne and Summerscales).This has been changed. (4)There are a few phrases which would benefit from sub-editing by a native English speaker.The manuscript has been corrected by a native English speaker, resulting in a number of grammatical corrections. Reviewer #2 This is a useful contribution to this subject area. There is little doubt that there are issues surrounding the variability in fibre properties and this study is a useful contribution to the debate.(1) It is for this reason that studies of textile fibres use the linear density method of measurement rather than relying upon the dubious notion of a regular (and circular) cross section. This needs to be mentioned in the text.The authors believe that the linear density method whi...

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Section: Cross Sectional Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strength variability of single flax fibres

et al. 2011

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“…This happened because it must be borne in mind that tensile properties follow a decreasing trend and scattering as a function of fibre diameter, also depends on which part of the stem (top, middle or bottom) is selected and on the length of the fibre studied. Joffe et al (2003) indicated that Young's modulus needs to be plotted as a function of fibre diameter. Baley (2004) and Bos et al (2006) reported that there is a correlation between tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break, and increases in diameter.…”

Section: Chlorophyll Crude Fibre and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%