Streets, strolls and spots: Sex work, drug use and social space in detroit

Draus, Paul; Roddy, Juliette; Asabigi, Kanzoni

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.01.004

Cited by 60 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These findings are illustrative of what Rhodes (2012) refers to as the 'structuration of risk' whereby certain social conditions (i.e., drug use and sex work) render some groups more likely to experience other forms of harm or discrimination; in this instance, that exposure is over-policing. [9] Consistent with qualitative data on the role of enforcement practices in the spatial control of urban landscapes, [46,47] higher markers of structural vulnerability such as being homeless and involved in daily sex work were also strongly associated with a higher PPS score. Conversely, no associations were detected between structural vulnerability indicators and exposure to 'community policing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City

et al. 2020

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Policing is an important structural determinant of HIV and other health risks faced by vulnerable populations, including people who sell sex and use drugs, though the role of routine police encounters is not well understood. Given the influence of policing on the risk environment of these groups, methods of measuring the aggregate impact of routine policing practices are urgently required. We developed and validated a novel, brief scale to measure police patrol practices (Police Practices Scale, PPS) among 250 street-based female sex workers (FSW) in Baltimore, Maryland, an urban setting with high levels of illegal drug activity. PPS items were developed from existing theory and ethnography with police and their encounters with FSW, and measured frequency of recent (past 3 months) police encounters. The 6-item scale was developed using exploratory factor analysis after examining the properties of the original 11 items. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model the factor structure. A 2-factor model emerged, with law enforcement PPS items and police assistance PPS items loading on separate factors. Linear regression models were used to explore the relative distribution of these police encounters among FSW by modeling association with key socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the sample. Higher exposure to policing was observed among FSW who were homeless (β = 0.71, p = 0.037), in daily sex work (β = 1.32, p = 0.026), arrested in the past 12 months (β = 1.44, p<0.001) or injecting drugs in the past 3 months (β = 1.04, p<0.001). The PPS provides an important and novel contribution in measuring aggregate exposure to routine policing, though further validation is required. This scale could be used to evaluate the impact of policing on vulnerable populations' health outcomes, including HIV risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City

et al. 2020

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“…Transitions as a social practice can therefore be seen to emerge from how agency is produced and enacted within these structural pressures through the creation of a logic of economic constraint that shapes how transitions are understood and managed [ 19 ]. Any choice to inject is then principally subsumed within an overall experience of resource constraint and economic vulnerability and figures to manage constraint rather than as an expression of freedom [ 30 ]. That these structural economic factors are not determining of transitions is then demonstrated by how economic vulnerability is secondary for some, as compared to a pursuit of pleasure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative analysis of transitions to heroin injection in Kenya: implications for HIV prevention and harm reduction

et al. 2015

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BackgroundHeroin injection is emerging as a significant dimension of the HIV epidemic in Kenya. Preventing transitions to injecting drug use from less harmful forms of use, such as smoking, is a potentially important focus for HIV prevention. There is, however, little evidence to support comprehensive programming in this area, linked to a shortage of analysis of the social and structural context for transitions, particularly in low-income settings. We explore accounts of transitions from smoking to injecting in Kenya to understand the role of individual, social and structural processes.MethodsWe combine data from two separate studies conducted in Kenya: an in-depth qualitative study of HIV care access for people who inject drugs (study 1) and an ethnographic study of the political economy of the heroin trade in Kenya (study 2). In-depth interviews with PWID and community observation from study 1 are triangulated with accounts from stakeholders involved in the heroin trade and documentary data from study 2.ResultsPeople who inject drugs link transitions to injecting from smoking to a range of social and behavioural factors, as well as particular aspects of the local drug supply and economy. We present these results in the form of two narratives that account for factors shaping transitions. A dominant narrative of ‘managing markets and maintaining a high’ results from a process of trying to manage poverty and a shifting heroin supply, in the context of deepening addiction to heroin. A secondary narrative focuses on people’s curiosity for the ‘feeling’ of injecting, and the potential pleasure from it, with less emphasis on structural circumstances.ConclusionsThe narratives we describe represent pathways through which structural and social factors interact with individual experiences of addiction to increase the risk of transitions to injecting. In response, HIV and harm reduction programmes need combinations of different strategies to respond to varied experiences of transitions. These strategies should include, alongside behaviour-oriented interventions, structural interventions to address economic vulnerability and the policing of the drug supply.

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“…Veronique Chadillon‐Farinacci, Phillippe Apparicio, and Carlo Morselli explored the cultivation of cannabis in Quebec through a study of soil quality and hydroponic methods (). Research also borrowed from social theories found in human geography, such as interviewing drug using sex workers in Detroit to build a moral geography of the city or actor‐network theory being used to explain the spatial distribution of drug use at music festivals (Draus, Roddy, and Asabigi ; Dilkes‐Frayne ). Zoe Pearson () delved into the political ecology of the drug war in Bolivia, mirroring the work of Rincón‐Ruiz and Kallis ().…”

Section: Geography Of Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Geographic Analysis of Drug Trafficking Patterns on the TOR Network

Dolliver

Ericson

Love

2018

Geographical Review

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ABSTRACT. As globalization processes continue to impact patterns in drug-trafficking operations worldwide, a cyber-based dimension of the drug trade has recently emerged via the Tor Network. This study employed geovisualization and exploratory spatial data analysis to examine drug distributions of heroin, cocaine, new psychoactive substances, and prescription drugs advertised on Agora, the largest international marketplace on the Tor Network at the time of data collection. Data were collected using webcrawling software and mapped to determine the presence of statistical outliers internationally or hotspots within Europe. Global Moran's I testing revealed that drugs sourced from Europe were randomly distributed. Box maps confirmed the visual analysis that six countries (including Canada and the United States) dominated world listings across the four drug types. Globally, heroin and cocaine markets were found to be almost exclusively retail based, while new psychoactive substances and prescription drugs were sold from countries with established pharmaceutical and chemical industries.

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Streets, strolls and spots: Sex work, drug use and social space in detroit

Cited by 60 publications

References 30 publications

The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City

The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City

A qualitative analysis of transitions to heroin injection in Kenya: implications for HIV prevention and harm reduction

A Geographic Analysis of Drug Trafficking Patterns on the TOR Network

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