Streamlining of the synthesis process of Pt/carbon xerogel electrocatalysts with high Pt loading for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells applications

Zubiaur, Anthony; Job, Nathalie

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.11.059

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Hence, a large number of researches have been reported to overcome the shortcomings of Pt‐based catalysts. [ 8,9 ] Nonprecious metal catalysts with high performance have been widely investigated, especially for the transition metal‐nitrogen co‐doped carbon (M‐N‐C) catalysts. [ 10–12 ] Owing to the sufficient active sites for O 2 adsorption and reduction provided by M‐N‐C structure, the performance of M‐N‐C is close to that of Pt‐based materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding of Neighboring Fe‐N₄‐C and Co‐N₄‐C Dual Active Centers for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Wen

Jiang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

171

135

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Single atomic dispersed M-N-C (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, etc.) composites display excellent performance for catalytic reactions. However, the analysis and understanding of neighboring M-N-C centers at the atomic level are still insufficient. Here, FeCo-N-doped hollow carbon nanocages (FeCo-N-HCN) with neighboring Fe-N 4 -C and Co-N 4 -C dual active centers as efficient catalysts are reported. Spherical aberration-corrected high angle annular darkfield scanning transmission electron microscopy, small area (1 nm 2 ) electron energy loss spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy data analysis and fitting prove the neighboring Fe-N 4 -C and Co-N 4 -C dual active structure in FeCo-N-HCN. Experimental tests and density functional theory calculation results reveal that the FeCo-N-HCN catalyst displays better catalytic activity than Fe single-metal catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is attributed to the synergistic effect of Fe-N 4 -C and Co-N 4 -C dual active centers reducing the reaction energy barriers for ORR. Although the catalytic performance of the FeCo-N-HCN catalyst is not comparable to the-state-of-art catalysts reported due to the low metal contents (Fe: 1.96 wt% and Co: 1.31 wt%), these results can refresh the understanding of neighboring M-N-C centers at the atomic level and provide guidance for the design of catalysts in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding of Neighboring Fe‐N₄‐C and Co‐N₄‐C Dual Active Centers for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Wen

Jiang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

171

135

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“…In some cases, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is also added in order to increase the hydrophobicity and thus allows for a better evacuation of the water produced in the catalyst layer [5]. In most preparation methods, platinum nanoparticles are synthesized or deposited on a porous carbon support [6][7][8][9]. Carbon blacks are the most commonly used carbon carriers in fuel cells and, in particular, Vulcan Ⓡ XC-72 from Cabot remains the reference material in the PEMFC literature [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most widely studied are carbon nanotubes, nanospheres or nanofibers, as well as graphene, ordered mesoporous carbons and carbon gels [11][12][13][14]. In this work, carbon xerogels will be used as support [6]. These are composed of amorphous carbon nodules with small graphitic domains [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A practical method to characterize proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst layer topography: Application to two coating techniques and two carbon supports

et al. 2020

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The coating technique and the type of carbon support can strongly affect the surface topography, the homogeneity and the thickness of the catalyst layers of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells. These features can in turn strongly modify the local diffusion properties of the layer and the final cell performance, but literature about catalytic layers does not often address such issues. This work aims at studying the topography of proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst layers by means of 3D characterization methods. For that purpose, two types of slurries, made of Nafion Ⓡ and carbon black or a carbon xerogel, have been coated on a Kapton Ⓡ sheet by film-casting and by spray-coating. The surface topography of the samples was characterized by contact profilometry and 3D laser scanning microscopy. The data obtained with both methods were processed in order to obtain accurate 3D representations of the surface of the layers. Contact profilometry allows to perform measurements over the entire surface of the sample (5 cm × 5 cm). Layers obtained by film-casting turn out to be very smooth, but also thinner at the edges of the coating. For layers prepared by spray-coating, the reproducibility and the homogeneity are improved; however, the surface displays a higher roughness. With 3D laser scanning microscopy measurements, only a small part of the sample was analyzed (0.25 cm 2) with a high definition, allowing to characterize more precisely the surface topography. The comparison of both techniques has been enriched by the simulation of the profilometer tip motion at the surface of the observed 3D microscopy profile, giving insight into the observed differences. The 3D microscopy measurements proved to be more accurate, but not representative of the whole sample, especially for less homogeneous layers prepared by filmcasting.

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“…In the past decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to develop non-noblemetal catalysts (NNMCs) for the ORR, including transition-metal (TM)-based inorganic nanoparticles (M = Fe, Co, Ni, etc. ), [7][8][9] transition metal-nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C), [10][11][12][13] and metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon materials. [14][15][16] Among them, metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon materials (N, S, P-doped carbon materials) displayed promising catalytic activities in alkaline electrolytes while their performances in acid electrolytes were relatively poor, which hindered their practical applications to a certain extend.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Noble‐Metal Catalyst and Zn/Graphene Film for Low‐Cost and Ultra‐Long‐Durability Solid‐State Zn‐Air Batteries in Harsh Electrolytes

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Exploration and development of cost‐effective, ultra‐long durability, and high‐performing non‐noble‐metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to replace Pt‐based catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion devices is still of great challenge. Although several types of non‐noble‐metal catalysts (N‐doped graphene, transition metal nanoparticles, single atomic metal‐nitrogen‐carbon, etc.) are claimed to have comparable or overwhelming catalytic performances compared with commercial Pt/C, their long‐durability, especially in harsh electrolytes, are still unsatisfactory for practical applications. Herein, the classical Fe3C‐NG catalysts are synthesized and investigated to understand the catalytic and degradation behaviors in Zn‐Air batteries. Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the Mott–Schottky heterojunction formed by Fe3C quantum dots (QDs) and N‐doped graphene carbon (Fe3C‐NG) boosts the ORR, since the Fe3C quantum dots provide rapid electron transfer to the valence band of NG. Molecular dynamic simulation suggests that the graphene structure in NG is relatively stable in extremely corrosive electrolyte, which avoids the corrosion of Fe3C quantum dots. In combination of the Zn/graphene composite film and solid‐state electrolyte, the optimized Zn‐air battery with Fe3C‐NG catalyst delivers a high open circuit voltage of 1.506 V, high energy density of 706.4 Wh kg–1, and long‐term stability for 1000 h.

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Streamlining of the synthesis process of Pt/carbon xerogel electrocatalysts with high Pt loading for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Understanding of Neighboring Fe‐N₄‐C and Co‐N₄‐C Dual Active Centers for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Understanding of Neighboring Fe‐N₄‐C and Co‐N₄‐C Dual Active Centers for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

A practical method to characterize proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst layer topography: Application to two coating techniques and two carbon supports

Non‐Noble‐Metal Catalyst and Zn/Graphene Film for Low‐Cost and Ultra‐Long‐Durability Solid‐State Zn‐Air Batteries in Harsh Electrolytes

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Streamlining of the synthesis process of Pt/carbon xerogel electrocatalysts with high Pt loading for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Understanding of Neighboring Fe‐N4‐C and Co‐N4‐C Dual Active Centers for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Understanding of Neighboring Fe‐N4‐C and Co‐N4‐C Dual Active Centers for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

A practical method to characterize proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst layer topography: Application to two coating techniques and two carbon supports

Non‐Noble‐Metal Catalyst and Zn/Graphene Film for Low‐Cost and Ultra‐Long‐Durability Solid‐State Zn‐Air Batteries in Harsh Electrolytes

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Product

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Understanding of Neighboring Fe‐N₄‐C and Co‐N₄‐C Dual Active Centers for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Understanding of Neighboring Fe‐N₄‐C and Co‐N₄‐C Dual Active Centers for Oxygen Reduction Reaction