Streamer formation processes trigger intense x-ray and high-frequency radio emissions in a high-voltage discharge

Parkevich, E. V.; Шпаков, К. В.; Baidin, I. S.; Родионов, А. А.; Khirianova, A. I.; Khirianov, T. F.; Bolotov, Ya. K.; Medvedev, Mikhail; Ryabov, V. A.; Kurilenkov, Yu. K.; Огинов, А. В.

doi:10.1103/physreve.105.l053201

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The tungsten solutions significantly modify the E 0 threshold by lowering it to values slightly above and below the E k value for small gap sizes dδ ∼ 10 m. Consistent with discussion in the model formulation section, the seed runaway electrons released from the cathode play the dominant role in comparison with effects of X-rays emitted from the anode. Although these results are obtained for highly simplified planar geometry, they indicate a potential importance of the electrode material and configuration for interpretation of X-ray production from laboratory sparks (see discussion by da Silva et al ( 2017), Parkevich et al (2022), Stankevich and Kalinin (1967), and extensive list of references therein). The buildup of runaway electrons in the discharge volume may not be easily observed due to bright streamer, pilot and leader activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Conditions for Inception of Relativistic Runaway Discharges in Air

Pasko

Célestin

Bourdon

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) (Fishman et al., 1994) represent a spectacular naturally occurring high energy phenomenon in the Earth's atmosphere. These events contain photons with several tens of mega electron-volt energies and likely involve large quantities of energetic electrons, sharing the same physical origin as X-rays generated by laboratory sparks (Stankevich & Kalinin, 1967) or originating from stepping lightning leaders (Moore et al., 2001). Dwyer et al. (2012) provide a review of principal physical processes and experimental findings on TGFs and related phenomena.It has been discovered by Dwyer (2003) that in order to explain observed intensities of TGFs a feedback mechanism should be involved in these events when an avalanche of relativistic electrons launches positrons and X-rays backwards at its origin to provide additional seeding and replenishment of the avalanche. Dwyer (2003) noted a physical analogy between this relativistic feedback mechanism and feedback mechanisms in conventional Townsend discharges involving positive ions and optical photons. The self-consistent modeling of a large scale streamer (domain size ∼5 km) and related space charge effects driven by the relativistic feedback discharges in air around 11-12 km altitudes have been reported by Dwyer (2012) and Liu and Dwyer (2013). It has been

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…(2017), Parkevich et al. (2022), Stankevich and Kalinin (1967), and extensive list of references therein). The buildup of runaway electrons in the discharge volume may not be easily observed due to bright streamer, pilot and leader activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions for Inception of Relativistic Runaway Discharges in Air

Pasko

Célestin

Bourdon

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The measurements of pulsed SHF radiations of high-voltage discharges at nano-and picosecond time scales were performed in recent years using wideband oscilloscopes and special electromagnetic probes (Gushchin et al, 2021;Parkevich et al, 2022Parkevich et al, , 2023Zudin et al, 2022). In this work, we present the first measurements of the subnanosecond UWB EMP, which is produced by a breakdown of a long air gap (more than 4 m long) using GIN-6MV Marx generator developed at VNIC900 (Istra, Moscow Oblast, Russia) for physical simulation of the lightning and studies of its damage factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, the physical processes related to the generation of SHF radiation by a lightning discharge can be simulated in laboratory devices, which allow generating a high-voltage discharge in the form a long spark. The devices based on Marx generators (Cooray et al, 2009;March & Montanyà, 2010;Mareev et al, 2023;Parkevich et al, 2022;Syssoev et al, 2022) or aerosol clouds charged to a high potential (Barreto, 1969;Gushchin et al, 2021;Kostinskiy et al, 2015;Vasilyak et al, 2003) make it possible to obtain long spark discharges (up to several tens of meters) under controlled conditions. Such devices allow monitoring parameters of discharges and their electromagnetic radiation with time resolutions available due to the best modern hardware.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subnanosecond Electromagnetic Pulse Generated by a Long Spark Discharge: Lightning Implication

Gushchin,

Zudin,

Vershinin

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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The effects of generating pulsed radiation by a long spark discharge are important for the development of lightning models and applications related to lightning protection. In experiments with a Marx generator simulating a lightning discharge, we detected the radiation in the form of a single ultrawideband electromagnetic pulse (UWB EMP) about 200 ps in duration, and rising time about 100 ps. UWB EMP generation occurs during the breakdown of a “rod–rod” 4 m long gap. Pulses of almost unipolar shape are observed in more than half of all positive discharges. EMP emission occurs before the main stage, and corresponds to the start of the upward leader from a grounded electrode. In negative discharges, pulses are also observed, but less frequently and with a smaller amplitude. The UWB EMPs, given their large amplitude (more than 100 V/m at a distance of 90 m from the discharge), can be considered as possible new lightning damage factors.

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“…RAEs have been widely observed during the breakdown process of NPDs [17] and it is recognized that the locally enhanced electric field at/near the cathode is responsible for the generation of RAEs [18]. Even so, the behavior of RAEs and interaction between RAEs and microscopic discharge parameters are yet to be clarified [19,20]. In our previous work [21], fast ionization wave (FIW) discharge at a moderate pressure (5 mbar) is investigated and it is found that the electric field at the head of FIW can contribute to the sustained acceleration of RAEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guiding effect of runaway electrons in atmospheric pressure nanosecond pulsed discharge: mode transition from diffuse discharge to streamer

Huang

Zhang

Ren

et al. 2022

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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In this study, the role of runaway electrons (RAEs) during the pulsed breakdown in the atmosphere is investigated. Nanosecond pulsed discharge (NPD) is driven by high-voltage pulses between blade-to-plate electrodes (with the blade as the cathode). RAEs with an energy higher than 10 keV are selected by a titanium foil with a thickness of 1 μm and detected by a beam collector with a front of about 50 ps. The temporal-spatial evolution of the electric field over the NPD period is measured using electric field induced second harmonic method adopting a picosecond pulsed laser. It is verified that the current amplitude of RAEs decreases drastically with the voltage amplitude Vp and the peak electric field at the front of the ionization wave formed during the breakdown of NPD plays a key role in maintaining the runaway state of electrons. With single-shot discharge imaging, it is observed that the discharge is initially in a diffuse mode near the cathode, while it branches and transits into streamers, which can be either synchronously propagating multi streamers (with a high Vp) or certain dominant streamers (with a low Vp). Using particle-in-cell Monte-Carlo collision simulation, a similar mode transition of diffuse to streamer is observed with RAEs emitted from the cathode and it is illustrated that the flux of RAEs controls the pre-ionization degree and further dictates branching and non-uniformity of discharge, which qualitatively explains the experimental observation. It is proposed that an enhanced RAEs emission would produce a large volume diffuse discharge at atmospheric pressure.

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Streamer formation processes trigger intense x-ray and high-frequency radio emissions in a high-voltage discharge

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Conditions for Inception of Relativistic Runaway Discharges in Air

Conditions for Inception of Relativistic Runaway Discharges in Air

Subnanosecond Electromagnetic Pulse Generated by a Long Spark Discharge: Lightning Implication

Guiding effect of runaway electrons in atmospheric pressure nanosecond pulsed discharge: mode transition from diffuse discharge to streamer

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